AP Computer Science Principles Final
x x x x x
x
Exam Review x
x
Overflow x –answer x xerror xthat xresults xwhen xthe xnumber xof xbits xis xnot xenough xto xhold xthe x
number, xlike xa xcar's xodometer x"rolling xover" x
x
Round-off x - xanswer xerror xthat xresults xwhen xthe xnumber xof xbits xis xnot xenough xto x
represent xthe xactual xnumber, xlike x3 xdigits xto xrepresent xπ xas x3.14 x
x
Lossy x- x answer xCompressing xdata xin xa xway xthat xthrows xsome xdata xaway xand xmakes xit x
almost ximpossible xto xrecover xthe xoriginal, xgreat xcompression, xlike xJPEG ximages x
x
Lossless x- x answer xCompressing xdata xin xa xway xthat xpreserves xall xdata xaway xand xallows x
full xrecovery xof xthe xoriginal, xgood xcompression x-- xusually xnot xas xgood xas xlossy, xlike xPNG
x images x
x
Metadata x - xanswer xdata xabout xdata, xlike xa xcamera xstoring xthe xlocation, xaperture, xshutter x
speed, xetc. xfor xa xdigital xphoto x
x
Sequencing x- x answer xcode xflows xline xby xline, xone xafter xanother, xlike xa xrecipe x
x
Selection x - xanswer xa xboolean xcondition xto xdetermine xwhich xof xtwo xalgorithmic xpaths xare x
taken, xaka xif-then x
x
Iteration x - xanswer xusing xa xlooping xcontrol xstructure, xlike xwhile, xfor, xforeach, xrepeat, x
repeat-until, xetc. x
x
, Reasonable xtime x - xanswer xpolynomial xin xthe xnumber xof xsteps xan xalgorithm xtakes xin xthe x
worst xcase xbased xon xthe xinput xsize x
x
Not xreasonable xtime x - xanswer xUsually xexponential xin xthe xnumber xof xsteps, xlike xdoubling x
every xtime xyour xinput xgrows xby xone x
x
Heuristic x- x answer xusing xa x"rule" xto xguide xan xalgorithm, xlike xalways xwalking xtoward xthe
x
north xstar xif xyou xwere xstuck xin xa xforest x
x
Undecidable x answer x- xA xproblem xthat xis xso xdifficult, xwe xcan't xever xcreate xan xalgorithm
x
that xwould xbe xable xto xanswer xyes xor xno xfor xall xinputs, xlike xdetermining xif xa xuser's xprogram
x run xon xsome xinput xwould xalways xstop xand xnot xrun xforever x
x
Linear xvs xbinary xsearch x - xanswer xGoing xone xby xone xvs xstarting xin xthe xmiddle xand xgoing
x
left/right xlike xlooking xfor xa xword xin xthe xdictionary x-- xbinary xsearch xrequires xthe xlist xto xbe
x sorted xin xorder x
x
APIs x- xApplication xProgramming xInterface, xhow xyou xdefine xlibraries xand xcall xthem x
x
Public xkey xencryption x- xis xany xcryptographic xsystem xthat xuses xpairs xof xkeys: xpublic xkeys
x which xmay xbe xdisseminated xwidely, xand xprivate xkeys xwhich xare xknown xonly xto xthe xowner. x
x
Domain xnames x- xan xidentification xstring xthat xdefines xa xrealm xof xadministrative xautonomy,
x authority xor xcontrol xwithin xthe xInternet. x
x
IP xaddresses x- xis xan xidentifier xassigned xto xeach x computer xand xother xdevice x(e.g., xprinter,
x router, xmobile xdevice, xetc.) xconnected xto xa xTCP/IP xnetwork[1] xthat xis xused xto xlocate xand
x identify xthe xnode xin xcommunications xwith xother xnodes xon xthe xnetwork x
x x x x x
x
Exam Review x
x
Overflow x –answer x xerror xthat xresults xwhen xthe xnumber xof xbits xis xnot xenough xto xhold xthe x
number, xlike xa xcar's xodometer x"rolling xover" x
x
Round-off x - xanswer xerror xthat xresults xwhen xthe xnumber xof xbits xis xnot xenough xto x
represent xthe xactual xnumber, xlike x3 xdigits xto xrepresent xπ xas x3.14 x
x
Lossy x- x answer xCompressing xdata xin xa xway xthat xthrows xsome xdata xaway xand xmakes xit x
almost ximpossible xto xrecover xthe xoriginal, xgreat xcompression, xlike xJPEG ximages x
x
Lossless x- x answer xCompressing xdata xin xa xway xthat xpreserves xall xdata xaway xand xallows x
full xrecovery xof xthe xoriginal, xgood xcompression x-- xusually xnot xas xgood xas xlossy, xlike xPNG
x images x
x
Metadata x - xanswer xdata xabout xdata, xlike xa xcamera xstoring xthe xlocation, xaperture, xshutter x
speed, xetc. xfor xa xdigital xphoto x
x
Sequencing x- x answer xcode xflows xline xby xline, xone xafter xanother, xlike xa xrecipe x
x
Selection x - xanswer xa xboolean xcondition xto xdetermine xwhich xof xtwo xalgorithmic xpaths xare x
taken, xaka xif-then x
x
Iteration x - xanswer xusing xa xlooping xcontrol xstructure, xlike xwhile, xfor, xforeach, xrepeat, x
repeat-until, xetc. x
x
, Reasonable xtime x - xanswer xpolynomial xin xthe xnumber xof xsteps xan xalgorithm xtakes xin xthe x
worst xcase xbased xon xthe xinput xsize x
x
Not xreasonable xtime x - xanswer xUsually xexponential xin xthe xnumber xof xsteps, xlike xdoubling x
every xtime xyour xinput xgrows xby xone x
x
Heuristic x- x answer xusing xa x"rule" xto xguide xan xalgorithm, xlike xalways xwalking xtoward xthe
x
north xstar xif xyou xwere xstuck xin xa xforest x
x
Undecidable x answer x- xA xproblem xthat xis xso xdifficult, xwe xcan't xever xcreate xan xalgorithm
x
that xwould xbe xable xto xanswer xyes xor xno xfor xall xinputs, xlike xdetermining xif xa xuser's xprogram
x run xon xsome xinput xwould xalways xstop xand xnot xrun xforever x
x
Linear xvs xbinary xsearch x - xanswer xGoing xone xby xone xvs xstarting xin xthe xmiddle xand xgoing
x
left/right xlike xlooking xfor xa xword xin xthe xdictionary x-- xbinary xsearch xrequires xthe xlist xto xbe
x sorted xin xorder x
x
APIs x- xApplication xProgramming xInterface, xhow xyou xdefine xlibraries xand xcall xthem x
x
Public xkey xencryption x- xis xany xcryptographic xsystem xthat xuses xpairs xof xkeys: xpublic xkeys
x which xmay xbe xdisseminated xwidely, xand xprivate xkeys xwhich xare xknown xonly xto xthe xowner. x
x
Domain xnames x- xan xidentification xstring xthat xdefines xa xrealm xof xadministrative xautonomy,
x authority xor xcontrol xwithin xthe xInternet. x
x
IP xaddresses x- xis xan xidentifier xassigned xto xeach x computer xand xother xdevice x(e.g., xprinter,
x router, xmobile xdevice, xetc.) xconnected xto xa xTCP/IP xnetwork[1] xthat xis xused xto xlocate xand
x identify xthe xnode xin xcommunications xwith xother xnodes xon xthe xnetwork x
