Bauman Microbiology 5th Edition - Exam 1 (Chapters 1-6, 11).

Bauman Microbiology 5th Edition - n n n n




Exam 1 (Chapters 1-6, 11) n n n n n




(October 24, 1632 - n n n


nAugust 26, 1723); born in Delft, the Netherlands; Dutch tailor, merchant, lens grinder, and t
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he man who first discovered the bacterial world. - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
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(journey began simply enough, when as a cloth merchant he needed to examine the qualit
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y of the cloth; rather than buying a magnifying lens, he learned to make glass lenses of his
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own)

Leeuwenhoek reported the existence of protozoa in _________ and of bacteria in ______
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___. - protozoa in 1674, bacteria in 1676
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Before the term 'microorganism' or 'microbe' came about, what were three common names
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ngiven to these creatures? - - diertgens
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- animalcules
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- wee-beasties
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("look at the wee-beasties" n n n




Because of the quality of his simple microscopes, his profound observational skills, his det
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ailed reports over a 50-n n n n


year period, and his report of the discovery of many types of microorganisms, Antoni van L
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eeuwenhoek was elected to the ______________ _____________ in ___________. He w
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as one of the most famous scientists of his time. - Royal Society, 1680
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Shortly after Leeuwenhoek made his discoveries, the Swedish botanist ________ ______
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______ (May 23, 1707 - January 10, 1778) developed a taxonomic system. -
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Carolus Linnaeus
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Bacterial cell walls are composed of a polysaccharide called ____________________, alt
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hough some bacteria lack cell walls. - peptidoglycan
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The cell walls of archaea lack ____________________ and instead are composed of othe
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r chemicals. - peptidoglycan
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______________ are often found in extreme environments, such as the highly saline and n n n n n n n n n n n n n


arsenic-rich Mono Lake in California, acidic hot springs in Yellowstone, and O2-
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depleted mud at the bottom of swamps. - Archaea n n n n n n n n




No ___________ are known to cause disease. - archaea
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, Microscopic fungi include some __________ and yeasts. - molds and yeasts
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___________ are typically multicellular organisms that grow as long filaments that intertwi
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ne to make up the body; reproduce by sexual and asexual spores. - Molds
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ex.) Penicillium chrysogenum
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__________ are unicellular and typically oval to round; reproduce asexually by budding; s
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ome also produce spores. - Yeasts
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ex.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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_________________ are single- n n


celled eukaryotes that are similar to animals in their nutritional needs and cellular structure;
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most are capable of locomotion, which is one way they are categorized; most reproduce a
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sexually, though some are sexual as well. - Protozoa
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___________________ are extensions of a cell that flow in the direction of travel. - n n n n n n n n n n n n n


Pseudopods
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________ are numerous short protrusions of a cell that beat rhythmically to propel the prot
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ozoan through its environment. - Cilia
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_______________ are extensions of a cell but are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cin n n n n n n n n n n n n n


lia. - Flagella
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Some __________________, such as the malaria-
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causing Plasmodium, are nonmotile in their mature forms. - protozoa
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Many _____________ live freely in water, but some live inside animal hosts, where they ca
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n cause disease. - protozoa
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___________ are unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes; differ from plants i
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n the relative simplicity of their reproductive structures; categorized on the basis of their pig
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mentation and the composition of their cell walls. - Algae
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Manufacturers use gelatinous chemicals from the cell walls of some large _________ as th
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ickeners and emulsifiers in many foods and cosmetics. - algae
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Microbiologists also study _______________ ________ which range in size from microsc
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opic forms to adults over 10 m in length; laboratory scientists diagnose infections by identif
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ying microscopic eggs and immature stages in blood, fecal, urine, and lymph specimens. -
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parasitic worms
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The only type of microbe that remained hidden from Leeuwenhoek and other early microbi
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ologists was the ____________, which is typically much smaller than the smallest prokary
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