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Maturationist - ✔✔children learn to read once they have acquired all the cognitive
skills; readiness is assessed by tests; not much teachers can do
emergent literacy theory - ✔✔learn literacy through simultaneous development of
reading, writing, and speaking skills; emphasis on adult engagement with children
Social Constructivist Theory - ✔✔Vygotsky's theory that child development is driven
by the child's interaction with more experienced others in social contexts; emphasis on
adult engagement
automatic word recognition - ✔✔memorizing sight words
sight words - ✔✔high frequency words
cipher knowledge - ✔✔the relationship between how a word is spelled vs. how a word
is pronounced
Phonemic Awareness - ✔✔The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual
sounds, phonemes, in oral language.
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, researchers argue that ______ instruction is more effective for teaching students
language - ✔✔explicit
phonological awareness - ✔✔the ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound
structure of spoken language
tactile learning - ✔✔movement in learning; increases engagement
Stages of L1 development - ✔✔cooing
pre-liguistic (babbling)
holophrastic
two-word pronunciation
telegraphic
multi-word
holophrastic speech - ✔✔in the early stages of language acquisition, the young child's
use of single words to convey complete thoughts
telegraphic speech - ✔✔early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go
car"—using mostly nouns and verbs.
Stages of L2 development - ✔✔pre-production
early production
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