Biology 101, Exam 2
Three cell parts found in all cells? - Answers -DNA, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm
or ribosomes
What is the cell theory? - Answers -The cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are
made up of one or more cells, and all cells come from the reproduction of other cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus are: - Answers -prokaryotes
DNA in bacterial/prokaryotic cells forms a: - Answers -circle
DNA in eukaryotic cells are: - Answers -linear
Why are cells small? - Answers -Cells do not get very large because the surface area to
volume ratio must be high to allow for the ready exchange of materials in and out of the
cell
What three cell parts are found ONLY in plant cells? - Answers -cell wall, chloroplasts,
and the large/central vacuole
What is Endosymbiosis? - Answers -The theory that some prokaryotic cells engulfed
other prokaryotic cells thus forming membrane-bound structures (like mitochondria or
chloroplasts) and ultimately giving rise to eukaryotic cells
What is the organelle site of the reaction called CELLULAR RESPIRATION in
eukaryotic cells? - Answers -Mitochondria
What do you call the site of PROTEIN and LIPID SYNTHESIS in eukaryotic cells is an
ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM? - Answers -the Endoplasmic Reticulum
What can you find in the nucleus? - Answers -the nucleolus and DNA
How can you distinguish between the ROUGH E.R. and the SMOOTH E.R.? - Answers
-the presence of RIBOSOMES in the rough E.R.
What are the three structures that enable cells to move? - Answers -cilia, flagella, and
psuedopods
What is found within the CHLOROPLASTS and is the site of PHOTOSYNTHESIS? -
Answers -thylakoids
What are the folds within the MITOCHONDRIA called? - Answers -cristae
, What are cytoplasmic bridges found between PLANT cells? (holes in the CELL WALL) -
Answers -plasmodesmata
What are the cytoplasmic bridges found between ANIMAL cells? (openings in the CELL
MEMBRANES) - Answers -gap junctions
Which organelle contains DIGESTIVE ENZYMES? - Answers -the lysosome
The lysosome is produced by the pinching off of portions of the membranes of the: -
Answers -Golgi bodies/apparatus
What is the site of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS? - Answers -Ribosomes
What is the largest CYTOSKELETON component? - Answers -the microtubules
What are the structures involved in CELL MOVEMENT that are made up of "9+2"
microtubules? - Answers -Cilia and Flagella
What are the pair of structures that are made up of 9 triplets of microtubules? - Answers
-the centrioles
Centrioles are involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division and found
only in: - Answers -Animal cells
Describe the make-up of a CELL MEMBRANE - Answers -The cell membrane is made
of a bilayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, with PROTEINS floating in them
Describe a PHOSPHOLIPID - Answers -The hydrophilic PHOSPHATE HEADS face
outward while the hydrophobic FATTY ACID TAILS face inward
What is the simplest type of passive transport across the membrane? What does it do?
- Answers -diffusion
it allows the passage of non polar molecules across phospholipids
What are two non polar molecules that pass across phospholipids? - Answers -Carbon
DiOxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2)
If a protein is involved in passive transport across the membrane then the process is
called: - Answers -facilitated diffusion
If molecules taken into the cell go from a Low concentration of that substance outside
the cell to a High concentration ([L] to [H]) inside the cell through a carrier protein, then
what is the process called? And what does it need for energy? - Answers -It is called
ACTIVE transport and needs ATP for energy
Three cell parts found in all cells? - Answers -DNA, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm
or ribosomes
What is the cell theory? - Answers -The cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are
made up of one or more cells, and all cells come from the reproduction of other cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus are: - Answers -prokaryotes
DNA in bacterial/prokaryotic cells forms a: - Answers -circle
DNA in eukaryotic cells are: - Answers -linear
Why are cells small? - Answers -Cells do not get very large because the surface area to
volume ratio must be high to allow for the ready exchange of materials in and out of the
cell
What three cell parts are found ONLY in plant cells? - Answers -cell wall, chloroplasts,
and the large/central vacuole
What is Endosymbiosis? - Answers -The theory that some prokaryotic cells engulfed
other prokaryotic cells thus forming membrane-bound structures (like mitochondria or
chloroplasts) and ultimately giving rise to eukaryotic cells
What is the organelle site of the reaction called CELLULAR RESPIRATION in
eukaryotic cells? - Answers -Mitochondria
What do you call the site of PROTEIN and LIPID SYNTHESIS in eukaryotic cells is an
ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM? - Answers -the Endoplasmic Reticulum
What can you find in the nucleus? - Answers -the nucleolus and DNA
How can you distinguish between the ROUGH E.R. and the SMOOTH E.R.? - Answers
-the presence of RIBOSOMES in the rough E.R.
What are the three structures that enable cells to move? - Answers -cilia, flagella, and
psuedopods
What is found within the CHLOROPLASTS and is the site of PHOTOSYNTHESIS? -
Answers -thylakoids
What are the folds within the MITOCHONDRIA called? - Answers -cristae
, What are cytoplasmic bridges found between PLANT cells? (holes in the CELL WALL) -
Answers -plasmodesmata
What are the cytoplasmic bridges found between ANIMAL cells? (openings in the CELL
MEMBRANES) - Answers -gap junctions
Which organelle contains DIGESTIVE ENZYMES? - Answers -the lysosome
The lysosome is produced by the pinching off of portions of the membranes of the: -
Answers -Golgi bodies/apparatus
What is the site of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS? - Answers -Ribosomes
What is the largest CYTOSKELETON component? - Answers -the microtubules
What are the structures involved in CELL MOVEMENT that are made up of "9+2"
microtubules? - Answers -Cilia and Flagella
What are the pair of structures that are made up of 9 triplets of microtubules? - Answers
-the centrioles
Centrioles are involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division and found
only in: - Answers -Animal cells
Describe the make-up of a CELL MEMBRANE - Answers -The cell membrane is made
of a bilayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, with PROTEINS floating in them
Describe a PHOSPHOLIPID - Answers -The hydrophilic PHOSPHATE HEADS face
outward while the hydrophobic FATTY ACID TAILS face inward
What is the simplest type of passive transport across the membrane? What does it do?
- Answers -diffusion
it allows the passage of non polar molecules across phospholipids
What are two non polar molecules that pass across phospholipids? - Answers -Carbon
DiOxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2)
If a protein is involved in passive transport across the membrane then the process is
called: - Answers -facilitated diffusion
If molecules taken into the cell go from a Low concentration of that substance outside
the cell to a High concentration ([L] to [H]) inside the cell through a carrier protein, then
what is the process called? And what does it need for energy? - Answers -It is called
ACTIVE transport and needs ATP for energy
