Examl 2:l NSG3850l /l NSGl 3850l (Latestl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Pathophysiologyl IIl
Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
Q:l Whatl cellsl arel presentl whenl diagnosingl sarcoidosis
Answer:
Cd4+
Q:l Labl findingl consistentl withl sarcoidosis
Answer:
Elevatedl liverl enzymes
Q:l Definingl featuresl ofl sarcoidosis
Answer:
Non-caseatingl epitheliodl granulomasl
Aka
Erythemal nodosum
Hepatosplenomegalyl andl lymphadenoplasty
Q:l causel ofl hypersensitivityl pneumonitis
Answer:
,Allergicl alveolitisl (inflamedl aveoli)
Q:l Whol normallyl getsl hypersensitivityl pneumonitis
Answer:
Nonl smokers
Q:l Clinicall manifestationsl ofl hypersensitivityl pneumonitis
Answer:
Startl withinl 4-6l hoursl ofl exposurel andl resolvel withinl 18-24l hoursl whenl removedl froml
allergen
Q:l Diagnosticl findingsl forl hypersensitivityl pneumonitis
Answer:
Increasedl WBC
Redl hemmoragicl rxnl 4-12l hoursl afterl injection
Q:l Whatl happensl tol thel lungsl withl hypersensitivityl pneumonitis
Answer:
Pulmonaryl fibrosisl inl upperl lobes
Q:l primaryl pneumothorax
,Answer:
Rupturel ofl blebsl nol underlyingl illness
Q:l secondaryl pneumothorax
Answer:
Underlyingl medicall conditionl causesl blebsl tol rupturel
(COPD,l cancer)
Q:l tensionl pneumothorax
Answer:
Penetratingl chestl woundl createsl al onel wayl valve
Airl canl getl in,l butl cannotl escape
Q:l openl pneumothorax
Answer:
suckingl chestl wound
Airl canl getl inl andl out
Q:l Clinicall manifestl ofl pneumothorax
Answer:
Absentl lungl soundsl onl effectedl sidel
Tracheall shiftl tol oppositel sidel
Subcutaneousl emphysemal (bubblel wrap)
, Q:l pleurall effusion
Answer:
accumulationl ofl fluidl inl thel pleurall cavity
Q:l Clinicall manifestationsl ofl pleurall effusion
Answer:
Sharpl painl worseningl onl inspirationl
Dullnessl tol percussion
Q:l Pathol ofl pleurall effusion
Answer:
Imbalancedl pressurel (capl hydrostatic/colloid/infral pleural)l
Inl whichl fluidl formationl exceedsl fluidl removal
Q:l Underlyingl causel ofl kyphoscoliosis
Answer:
Marfanl syndrome
Q:l Clinicall manifestationsl ofl kyphoidscoliosis
Answer:
Spinall curvaturel withl raisedl shoulderl blade
2025/l 2026l Update)l Pathophysiologyl IIl
Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
Q:l Whatl cellsl arel presentl whenl diagnosingl sarcoidosis
Answer:
Cd4+
Q:l Labl findingl consistentl withl sarcoidosis
Answer:
Elevatedl liverl enzymes
Q:l Definingl featuresl ofl sarcoidosis
Answer:
Non-caseatingl epitheliodl granulomasl
Aka
Erythemal nodosum
Hepatosplenomegalyl andl lymphadenoplasty
Q:l causel ofl hypersensitivityl pneumonitis
Answer:
,Allergicl alveolitisl (inflamedl aveoli)
Q:l Whol normallyl getsl hypersensitivityl pneumonitis
Answer:
Nonl smokers
Q:l Clinicall manifestationsl ofl hypersensitivityl pneumonitis
Answer:
Startl withinl 4-6l hoursl ofl exposurel andl resolvel withinl 18-24l hoursl whenl removedl froml
allergen
Q:l Diagnosticl findingsl forl hypersensitivityl pneumonitis
Answer:
Increasedl WBC
Redl hemmoragicl rxnl 4-12l hoursl afterl injection
Q:l Whatl happensl tol thel lungsl withl hypersensitivityl pneumonitis
Answer:
Pulmonaryl fibrosisl inl upperl lobes
Q:l primaryl pneumothorax
,Answer:
Rupturel ofl blebsl nol underlyingl illness
Q:l secondaryl pneumothorax
Answer:
Underlyingl medicall conditionl causesl blebsl tol rupturel
(COPD,l cancer)
Q:l tensionl pneumothorax
Answer:
Penetratingl chestl woundl createsl al onel wayl valve
Airl canl getl in,l butl cannotl escape
Q:l openl pneumothorax
Answer:
suckingl chestl wound
Airl canl getl inl andl out
Q:l Clinicall manifestl ofl pneumothorax
Answer:
Absentl lungl soundsl onl effectedl sidel
Tracheall shiftl tol oppositel sidel
Subcutaneousl emphysemal (bubblel wrap)
, Q:l pleurall effusion
Answer:
accumulationl ofl fluidl inl thel pleurall cavity
Q:l Clinicall manifestationsl ofl pleurall effusion
Answer:
Sharpl painl worseningl onl inspirationl
Dullnessl tol percussion
Q:l Pathol ofl pleurall effusion
Answer:
Imbalancedl pressurel (capl hydrostatic/colloid/infral pleural)l
Inl whichl fluidl formationl exceedsl fluidl removal
Q:l Underlyingl causel ofl kyphoscoliosis
Answer:
Marfanl syndrome
Q:l Clinicall manifestationsl ofl kyphoidscoliosis
Answer:
Spinall curvaturel withl raisedl shoulderl blade
