Examl 3:l NSG3850l /l NSGl 3850l (Latestl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Pathophysiologyl IIl
Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
Q:l Whatl s/sl occursl withl somel BPl medsl thatl deactivatel thel RAASl system
Answer:
Frequentl urination
Q:l Somel causesl ofl neurogenicl incontinence
Answer:
Dementia
○l Parkinsons
○l Multiplel sclerosisl (demyelinationl ofl myelinl sheath)
Q:l Whatl causesl neuropathy
Answer:
Diabetes
Q:l Whatl isl thel pathol ofl stressl incontinence
,Answer:
○l weakl Pelvicl floorl muscles!!!-dol kegels
○l Increasedl abdominall pressure
Q:l S/sl cystitisl inl thel elderly
Answer:
Delirium/confusion
Q:l Mainl causesl ofl bladder/urethrall infection
Answer:
E-coli-itl getsl therel froml wipingl thel wrongl way,l poorl hygiene
Q:l Mainl causesl ofl UTIsl inl men
Answer:
STIs,l immunocompromised:l HIV,l cancer
Q:l Whol isl atl riskl forl acutel pyelonephritis
Answer:
○l Pregnantl women
○l Diabetics
○l Untreatedl UTIs
, ○l Children:l vesicoureterall refluxl disease-urethrall refluxl disease
○l Men:l enlargedl prostate
Q:l Differencel inl S/Sl betweenl acutel pyelonephritisl andl cystitis
Answer:
○l Acute:l Flankl pain→l becausel itsl nearl thel kidneys
■l Nausea,l omitting,l anorexia,l feverl chills,l morel systemic
○l Cystitis:l bladderl infectionl willl justl havel suprapubicl pain
Q:l Whol isl atl riskl forl septicemia
Answer:
Chronicl pyelonephritis
Q:l S/Sl ofl interstitiall cystitis
Answer:
○l reliefl afterl void
○l nol bacterial inl theirl urethra
○l Frequencyl ,l urgencyl ,l dysuria
○l mainlyl inl women
Q:l Whatl causesl interstitiall cystitis
2025/l 2026l Update)l Pathophysiologyl IIl
Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
Q:l Whatl s/sl occursl withl somel BPl medsl thatl deactivatel thel RAASl system
Answer:
Frequentl urination
Q:l Somel causesl ofl neurogenicl incontinence
Answer:
Dementia
○l Parkinsons
○l Multiplel sclerosisl (demyelinationl ofl myelinl sheath)
Q:l Whatl causesl neuropathy
Answer:
Diabetes
Q:l Whatl isl thel pathol ofl stressl incontinence
,Answer:
○l weakl Pelvicl floorl muscles!!!-dol kegels
○l Increasedl abdominall pressure
Q:l S/sl cystitisl inl thel elderly
Answer:
Delirium/confusion
Q:l Mainl causesl ofl bladder/urethrall infection
Answer:
E-coli-itl getsl therel froml wipingl thel wrongl way,l poorl hygiene
Q:l Mainl causesl ofl UTIsl inl men
Answer:
STIs,l immunocompromised:l HIV,l cancer
Q:l Whol isl atl riskl forl acutel pyelonephritis
Answer:
○l Pregnantl women
○l Diabetics
○l Untreatedl UTIs
, ○l Children:l vesicoureterall refluxl disease-urethrall refluxl disease
○l Men:l enlargedl prostate
Q:l Differencel inl S/Sl betweenl acutel pyelonephritisl andl cystitis
Answer:
○l Acute:l Flankl pain→l becausel itsl nearl thel kidneys
■l Nausea,l omitting,l anorexia,l feverl chills,l morel systemic
○l Cystitis:l bladderl infectionl willl justl havel suprapubicl pain
Q:l Whol isl atl riskl forl septicemia
Answer:
Chronicl pyelonephritis
Q:l S/Sl ofl interstitiall cystitis
Answer:
○l reliefl afterl void
○l nol bacterial inl theirl urethra
○l Frequencyl ,l urgencyl ,l dysuria
○l mainlyl inl women
Q:l Whatl causesl interstitiall cystitis
