BIOD 171 Essential
Microbiology Portage
Learning Module 1 Exam
1. True or False: A virus is considered a microorganism.
Answer: False. Viruses are not classified as microorganisms because they lack cellular
structure and cannot reproduce independently.
2. What are the four main types of macromolecules found in cells?
Answer: Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids.
,3. How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make
proteins?
Answer: There are 20 amino acids from which to make proteins.
4. How many amino acids are classified as being essential amino acids?
Answer: 9 are essential, meaning the body cannot produce them, and they must be
consumed through diet.
5. What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?
Answer: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) holds hereditary genetic material, while RNA
(ribonucleic acid) decodes this information to synthesize proteins.
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6. Complete the following DNA strand and indicate how many bonds are formed for
each complementary pair:
DNA Strand: 3' GGTCATCG 5'
Complementary Strand: 5' CCA GTAGC 3'
Answer: For each complementary pair of A and T, 2 hydrogen bonds are formed; for
each pair of G and C, 3 hydrogen bonds are formed.
7. The plasma membrane:
Answer: Restricts movement of materials in and out of the cell.
8. How many carbon atoms are present in glucose?
, Answer: 6.
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9. True or False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is contained within a
membrane-enclosed region.
Answer: False. Only eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material within a nucleus.
10. Describe the four basic bacterial morphologies.
Answer: Cocci (spherical), Bacilli (rod-shaped), Spirilla (spiral-shaped), Vibrio (curved
rod or comma-shaped).
11. What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?
Answer: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by translating messenger
RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences.
12. What type of bonds hold the two strands of a DNA molecule together?
Answer: Hydrogen bonds hold the complementary strands of DNA together between
the nitrogenous bases.
13. Which macromolecule serves as the primary source of energy for cells?
Answer: Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for cells.
14. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer: Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, while
eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
15. What is the process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells?
Microbiology Portage
Learning Module 1 Exam
1. True or False: A virus is considered a microorganism.
Answer: False. Viruses are not classified as microorganisms because they lack cellular
structure and cannot reproduce independently.
2. What are the four main types of macromolecules found in cells?
Answer: Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids.
,3. How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make
proteins?
Answer: There are 20 amino acids from which to make proteins.
4. How many amino acids are classified as being essential amino acids?
Answer: 9 are essential, meaning the body cannot produce them, and they must be
consumed through diet.
5. What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?
Answer: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) holds hereditary genetic material, while RNA
(ribonucleic acid) decodes this information to synthesize proteins.
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6. Complete the following DNA strand and indicate how many bonds are formed for
each complementary pair:
DNA Strand: 3' GGTCATCG 5'
Complementary Strand: 5' CCA GTAGC 3'
Answer: For each complementary pair of A and T, 2 hydrogen bonds are formed; for
each pair of G and C, 3 hydrogen bonds are formed.
7. The plasma membrane:
Answer: Restricts movement of materials in and out of the cell.
8. How many carbon atoms are present in glucose?
, Answer: 6.
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9. True or False: The genetic material within a prokaryotic cell is contained within a
membrane-enclosed region.
Answer: False. Only eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material within a nucleus.
10. Describe the four basic bacterial morphologies.
Answer: Cocci (spherical), Bacilli (rod-shaped), Spirilla (spiral-shaped), Vibrio (curved
rod or comma-shaped).
11. What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?
Answer: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by translating messenger
RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences.
12. What type of bonds hold the two strands of a DNA molecule together?
Answer: Hydrogen bonds hold the complementary strands of DNA together between
the nitrogenous bases.
13. Which macromolecule serves as the primary source of energy for cells?
Answer: Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for cells.
14. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer: Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, while
eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
15. What is the process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells?
