DEP Exam 2 Questions and Answers
Explain the preferential-looking technique for the study of infant perception. - Answer-method used to
study visual attention in infants where infants are shown two patterns or two objects at a time to see if
infants have a preference
o Discriminate
o Preference
Provide evidence for intermodal perception in early infancy. - Answer-combining of information from
two or more sensory systems
-Babies will watch video that matches the audio they are listening to
-McGurk Effect: Vision influences the sound we hear
Explain the role of culture and experience in the achievement of motor milestones. - Answer-In a study
of the development of sitting in seven different countries, the percentage of 5-month olds who could sit
independently ranged from 0% (in Italy) to 92% (in Cameroon), with the United States falling below
average at 17%
-Caregivers in some countries actively discourage early locomotion Ex/ china
, Explain and apply to examples the following forms of infant learning: habituation/ dishabituation,
perceptual learning, instrumental conditioning, classical conditioning, and observational learning. -
Answer-HABITUATION: Decreased responsiveness to repeated stimulation
-Reveals that learning has occurred
Allows us to have brain space to pay attention to new things
DISHABITUATION: infants discriminate new sound from old one
PERCEPTUAL LEARNING: learning from perceiving world around them
Differentiation ex/ tone of voice and expression
affordances: possibilities for action offered ex/ small object can be picked up
INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING:
(operant conditioning) learning the relationship between one's own behavior and the reward or
punishment it results (pos. reinforcement) kicking moves crib
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING: (imitation) mirror neurons
Explain the use of the violation-of-expectancy procedure in the study of infant cognition - Answer-
infants have an understanding and will look longer at impossible events
-habituation event : what makes sense
Name the distinguishing characteristics of language as a symbol system. - Answer-Symbols: set of words
that represent other things
Input: language comprehension, understanding what others say (Receptive language)
Explain the preferential-looking technique for the study of infant perception. - Answer-method used to
study visual attention in infants where infants are shown two patterns or two objects at a time to see if
infants have a preference
o Discriminate
o Preference
Provide evidence for intermodal perception in early infancy. - Answer-combining of information from
two or more sensory systems
-Babies will watch video that matches the audio they are listening to
-McGurk Effect: Vision influences the sound we hear
Explain the role of culture and experience in the achievement of motor milestones. - Answer-In a study
of the development of sitting in seven different countries, the percentage of 5-month olds who could sit
independently ranged from 0% (in Italy) to 92% (in Cameroon), with the United States falling below
average at 17%
-Caregivers in some countries actively discourage early locomotion Ex/ china
, Explain and apply to examples the following forms of infant learning: habituation/ dishabituation,
perceptual learning, instrumental conditioning, classical conditioning, and observational learning. -
Answer-HABITUATION: Decreased responsiveness to repeated stimulation
-Reveals that learning has occurred
Allows us to have brain space to pay attention to new things
DISHABITUATION: infants discriminate new sound from old one
PERCEPTUAL LEARNING: learning from perceiving world around them
Differentiation ex/ tone of voice and expression
affordances: possibilities for action offered ex/ small object can be picked up
INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING:
(operant conditioning) learning the relationship between one's own behavior and the reward or
punishment it results (pos. reinforcement) kicking moves crib
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING: (imitation) mirror neurons
Explain the use of the violation-of-expectancy procedure in the study of infant cognition - Answer-
infants have an understanding and will look longer at impossible events
-habituation event : what makes sense
Name the distinguishing characteristics of language as a symbol system. - Answer-Symbols: set of words
that represent other things
Input: language comprehension, understanding what others say (Receptive language)
