DEP 3305 Final Exam Questions and
Answers
Transitions During Puberty - Answer-Biological, cognitive, and social transitions.
Biological Transitions During Adolescence - Answer-Puberty, changes in height, etc.
Cognitive Transitions During Adolescence - Answer-Changes in reasoning & thinking.
Thinking faster and more efficiently.
Social Transitions During Adolescence - Answer-Changes in their social roles and status.
i.e., going from child to legal adult.
"Storm and Stress" - Answer-G. Stanley Hall described adolescence as a time of turmoil and difficulty.
3 Elements Comprised in "Storm and Stress" - Answer--Conflict with parents & authority figures.
-Mood disruptions.
-Increase in risk-taking behavior.
,The HPG Axis - Answer--Part of the endocrine system.
-The neuropsychological pathway that involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary glands, and the gonads.
Hypothalamus - Answer--Regulates Hormones
-Increases GnRh during puberty which stimulates development of gametes.
-Monitors androgen & estrogen production as a set point.
Pituitary - Answer--Creates LH (luteinizing hormone) which stimulates development of gametes.
-ACTH > more androgen from the adrenal glands.
Gonads - Answer-Androgens and estrogens are produced in both sexes.
"Feedback Loop" - Answer--A cycle through which two or more bodily functions respond to and
regulate each other, such as that formed by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and the gonads.
-How your body knows how much of each hormone to produce.
Primary Sex Characteristics - Answer--Changes that directly facilitate reproduction.
-Growth/changes that allow for egg and sperm production.
Secondary Sex Characteristics - Answer--Changes that are not directly related to reproduction.
-i.e., breasts, body hair, skin growth, and vocal changes.
Secular Trend - Answer--The tendency over the past 2 centuries for individuals to be larger in stature
and to reach puberty earlier.
-Primarily because of improvements in health & nutrition.
,Secular Trends can be affected by - Answer--Increase in nutrition and food availability.
-Rise in obesity rates.
-Environmental changes.
Adolescent Growth Spurt - Answer--During puberty: the pituitary gland stimulates the thyroid,
producing thyroxine, which stimulates growth.
-Puberty is the second fastest rate of growth during lifespan (fastest is infancy-2 years).
Adolescent Growth Spurt in Girls: - Answer--Hit growth spurt 2 years earlier.
-Tend to be taller from ages 9-19.
Adolescent Growth Spurt in Boys: - Answer--Grow faster during growth spurt.
-Surpass the other sex at the end of puberty.
Mood Changes During Puberty - Answer--Adolescent mood fluctuates more throughout the day than it
does for adults.
-NOT solely due to hormones!
-Greater impact on mood change and hormonal increases at the onset of puberty.
-May increase sensitivity to environmental changes.
The Bioecological Model - Answer--Bronfenbrenner's approach, in which the individual develops within
and is affected by a set of nested environments, from the family to the entire culture.
Microsystem - Answer--The people and objects in an individual's immediate environment.
-i.e., Home, school, neighborhood, immediate family, etc.
Mesosystem - Answer--The interconnections among immediate, or microsystem, settings.
, -i.e., Home, school, neighborhood, work, etc.
Exosystem - Answer--Social settings that a person may not experience firsthand but that still influence
development.
-i.e., Mass media, community services, child's school, parent's workplace.
Macrosystem - Answer--Consists of widely shared cultural values, laws, customs, beliefs and resources.
Chronosystem - Answer--Sociohistorical changes that influence the other systems.
-Environmental events and transitions that occur throughout a child's life.
Circadian Rhythm - Answer--Internal biological clock.
-i.e., sleep cycle.
Factors Leading to Sleep Onset Initiation - Answer--Body temp lowers
-Melatonin rises
Phase Preference Delay - Answer--A shift in biorhythms during which adolescents become more alert
later in the day and begin to fall asleep later.
Consequences of Phase Preference Delay - Answer--Causes social jet lag.
-Weekend comes, they compensate by sleeping more.
Research Designs: - Answer--Longitudinal
-Microgenetic
-Cross Sectional
Answers
Transitions During Puberty - Answer-Biological, cognitive, and social transitions.
Biological Transitions During Adolescence - Answer-Puberty, changes in height, etc.
Cognitive Transitions During Adolescence - Answer-Changes in reasoning & thinking.
Thinking faster and more efficiently.
Social Transitions During Adolescence - Answer-Changes in their social roles and status.
i.e., going from child to legal adult.
"Storm and Stress" - Answer-G. Stanley Hall described adolescence as a time of turmoil and difficulty.
3 Elements Comprised in "Storm and Stress" - Answer--Conflict with parents & authority figures.
-Mood disruptions.
-Increase in risk-taking behavior.
,The HPG Axis - Answer--Part of the endocrine system.
-The neuropsychological pathway that involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary glands, and the gonads.
Hypothalamus - Answer--Regulates Hormones
-Increases GnRh during puberty which stimulates development of gametes.
-Monitors androgen & estrogen production as a set point.
Pituitary - Answer--Creates LH (luteinizing hormone) which stimulates development of gametes.
-ACTH > more androgen from the adrenal glands.
Gonads - Answer-Androgens and estrogens are produced in both sexes.
"Feedback Loop" - Answer--A cycle through which two or more bodily functions respond to and
regulate each other, such as that formed by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and the gonads.
-How your body knows how much of each hormone to produce.
Primary Sex Characteristics - Answer--Changes that directly facilitate reproduction.
-Growth/changes that allow for egg and sperm production.
Secondary Sex Characteristics - Answer--Changes that are not directly related to reproduction.
-i.e., breasts, body hair, skin growth, and vocal changes.
Secular Trend - Answer--The tendency over the past 2 centuries for individuals to be larger in stature
and to reach puberty earlier.
-Primarily because of improvements in health & nutrition.
,Secular Trends can be affected by - Answer--Increase in nutrition and food availability.
-Rise in obesity rates.
-Environmental changes.
Adolescent Growth Spurt - Answer--During puberty: the pituitary gland stimulates the thyroid,
producing thyroxine, which stimulates growth.
-Puberty is the second fastest rate of growth during lifespan (fastest is infancy-2 years).
Adolescent Growth Spurt in Girls: - Answer--Hit growth spurt 2 years earlier.
-Tend to be taller from ages 9-19.
Adolescent Growth Spurt in Boys: - Answer--Grow faster during growth spurt.
-Surpass the other sex at the end of puberty.
Mood Changes During Puberty - Answer--Adolescent mood fluctuates more throughout the day than it
does for adults.
-NOT solely due to hormones!
-Greater impact on mood change and hormonal increases at the onset of puberty.
-May increase sensitivity to environmental changes.
The Bioecological Model - Answer--Bronfenbrenner's approach, in which the individual develops within
and is affected by a set of nested environments, from the family to the entire culture.
Microsystem - Answer--The people and objects in an individual's immediate environment.
-i.e., Home, school, neighborhood, immediate family, etc.
Mesosystem - Answer--The interconnections among immediate, or microsystem, settings.
, -i.e., Home, school, neighborhood, work, etc.
Exosystem - Answer--Social settings that a person may not experience firsthand but that still influence
development.
-i.e., Mass media, community services, child's school, parent's workplace.
Macrosystem - Answer--Consists of widely shared cultural values, laws, customs, beliefs and resources.
Chronosystem - Answer--Sociohistorical changes that influence the other systems.
-Environmental events and transitions that occur throughout a child's life.
Circadian Rhythm - Answer--Internal biological clock.
-i.e., sleep cycle.
Factors Leading to Sleep Onset Initiation - Answer--Body temp lowers
-Melatonin rises
Phase Preference Delay - Answer--A shift in biorhythms during which adolescents become more alert
later in the day and begin to fall asleep later.
Consequences of Phase Preference Delay - Answer--Causes social jet lag.
-Weekend comes, they compensate by sleeping more.
Research Designs: - Answer--Longitudinal
-Microgenetic
-Cross Sectional
