LSU PSYC 4008 Review Lucas Question/Answers
Graded A+ 2025/2026
Cognitive neuropsychology - This research approach states that where is not important
Classical neuropsychologist - Would a classical or cognitive neuropsychologist say the
following? "Aha! Broca's area (frontal lobe) is specialized for speech production and
Wernicke's area (temporal lobe) is specialized for speech comprehension!"
Cognitive neuropsychologist - Would a classical or cognitive neuropsychologist say the
following? "Aha! Language production and language comprehension rely on separate
cognitive systems."
Cognitive - A ___________ neuropsychologist cares mainly about the fact that
conscious and non-conscious memories are dissociable.
Single dissociations - This dissociation occurs when a patient is impaired on a certain
task (Task A), but unimpaired on another task (Task B).
Single dissociation - Is the following an example of single or double dissociation?
Broca's patients were impaired on production (Task A) but unimpaired on
comprehension (Task B).
Single dissociation - Is the following an example of single or double dissociation?
Patient H.M. (and other patients with hippocampal damage): impaired on
conscious/explicit memory (Task A), but unimpaired on nonconscious/implicit memory
(Task B).
Single - With ___________ dissociations, it's hard to tell "true" functional specialization
apart from artificial findings.
Task-resource artifact
Task-demand artifact - What are the 2 challenges of single dissociations?
Task-resource artifact - A patient does more poorly on Task X than Task Y simply
because Task X is harder.
Task-demand artifact - A patient does more poorly Task X than Task Y because they
did not understand or chose a bad strategy for Task X.
Double dissociation - This dissociation requires evidence that Brain are A is important
for function X, but not function Y, and Brain area B is important for function Y, but not
function X
Broca's & Wernicke's area
, In Wernicke's area, damage impairs language comprehension, but not language
production, but in Broca's area, damage impairs language production, but not language
comprehension - What is an example of double dissociations?
Double dissociation (Y may just have been harder to spot. In a DD, Y has an alibi.) -
What is the following an analogy of? If you have two suspects for a crime, catching
Suspect X on video is not proof that Suspect Y was not there.
Task-resource artifacts - Double dissociations particularly helps to rule
______________ (task-demand/task-resource) artifacts.
Single-case - In ______________ (single-case/group) studies, the data from different
patients are not combined
Single-case studies - Multiple patients may participate in a study, but each patient's data
are examined individually
Single-case studies - Sometimes used out of necessity for rare brain damage
Group - In ______________ (single-case/group) studies, the performance of different
patients is combined to yield a group average
Fractionation
Transparency
Universality - List the Alfonzo Caramazza's 3 assumptions that underlie the single-case
research approach to studying brain lesions.
Fractionation assumption - This assumption states that brain lesions can produce
selective cognitive "lesions"
Transparency assumption - This assumption states that lesions can affect pre-existing
cognitive modules, but they do not create new cognitive modules
Universality assumption - This assumption states that all cognitive systems are basically
the same
1. Brain damage occurred as an adult rather than a child
2. Research occurs sooner rather than later after the brain damage
3. Patient's cognitive profile has remained stable over time since the damage - Under
which circumstances are researchers "safest" from violating the transparency
assumption in single-case lesion research?
Carmazza - ____________ argues that single case studies are the ONLY acceptable
method in neuropsychology.
Graded A+ 2025/2026
Cognitive neuropsychology - This research approach states that where is not important
Classical neuropsychologist - Would a classical or cognitive neuropsychologist say the
following? "Aha! Broca's area (frontal lobe) is specialized for speech production and
Wernicke's area (temporal lobe) is specialized for speech comprehension!"
Cognitive neuropsychologist - Would a classical or cognitive neuropsychologist say the
following? "Aha! Language production and language comprehension rely on separate
cognitive systems."
Cognitive - A ___________ neuropsychologist cares mainly about the fact that
conscious and non-conscious memories are dissociable.
Single dissociations - This dissociation occurs when a patient is impaired on a certain
task (Task A), but unimpaired on another task (Task B).
Single dissociation - Is the following an example of single or double dissociation?
Broca's patients were impaired on production (Task A) but unimpaired on
comprehension (Task B).
Single dissociation - Is the following an example of single or double dissociation?
Patient H.M. (and other patients with hippocampal damage): impaired on
conscious/explicit memory (Task A), but unimpaired on nonconscious/implicit memory
(Task B).
Single - With ___________ dissociations, it's hard to tell "true" functional specialization
apart from artificial findings.
Task-resource artifact
Task-demand artifact - What are the 2 challenges of single dissociations?
Task-resource artifact - A patient does more poorly on Task X than Task Y simply
because Task X is harder.
Task-demand artifact - A patient does more poorly Task X than Task Y because they
did not understand or chose a bad strategy for Task X.
Double dissociation - This dissociation requires evidence that Brain are A is important
for function X, but not function Y, and Brain area B is important for function Y, but not
function X
Broca's & Wernicke's area
, In Wernicke's area, damage impairs language comprehension, but not language
production, but in Broca's area, damage impairs language production, but not language
comprehension - What is an example of double dissociations?
Double dissociation (Y may just have been harder to spot. In a DD, Y has an alibi.) -
What is the following an analogy of? If you have two suspects for a crime, catching
Suspect X on video is not proof that Suspect Y was not there.
Task-resource artifacts - Double dissociations particularly helps to rule
______________ (task-demand/task-resource) artifacts.
Single-case - In ______________ (single-case/group) studies, the data from different
patients are not combined
Single-case studies - Multiple patients may participate in a study, but each patient's data
are examined individually
Single-case studies - Sometimes used out of necessity for rare brain damage
Group - In ______________ (single-case/group) studies, the performance of different
patients is combined to yield a group average
Fractionation
Transparency
Universality - List the Alfonzo Caramazza's 3 assumptions that underlie the single-case
research approach to studying brain lesions.
Fractionation assumption - This assumption states that brain lesions can produce
selective cognitive "lesions"
Transparency assumption - This assumption states that lesions can affect pre-existing
cognitive modules, but they do not create new cognitive modules
Universality assumption - This assumption states that all cognitive systems are basically
the same
1. Brain damage occurred as an adult rather than a child
2. Research occurs sooner rather than later after the brain damage
3. Patient's cognitive profile has remained stable over time since the damage - Under
which circumstances are researchers "safest" from violating the transparency
assumption in single-case lesion research?
Carmazza - ____________ argues that single case studies are the ONLY acceptable
method in neuropsychology.
