PAEA EOC & Summative Practice Solution Manual Graded A+ Latest 2025

PAEA EOC & Summative Practice Solution Manual Graded A+ Latest 2025 what exactly causes the occlusive vascular disease of thromboangiitis obliterans? - Answers aka Buerger's disease inflammatory thrombi affecting the medium and small vessels (nonatherosclerosis) polymorphonuclear leukocytes, microabscesses, and multinucleated giant cells may be presen Treatment options for thromboangiitis obliterans? - Answers smoking cessation most important! cilostazol (PDE 3 inhibitor) has vasodilator properties (alleviated symptoms) if raynauds also present, CCB (nifedipine) what heart failure treatment provides a benefit of reduction in morbidity and mortality? - Answers ACE inhibitors beta blockers can also reduce M&M diuretics have no reduction in mortality how would you manage a patient with a MI in the setting of cocaine use? - Answers benzodiazepine early no beta blockers If PCI cannot be done for a STEMI patient within 120 minutes, what should be done? - Answers fibrolytic therapy then do PCI & coronary angiography when it can be done ideally PCI is done within 90 minutes fibrolytic therapy can be used up to 12 hours of symptoms If you suspect an acute limb ischemia due to arterial embolism, what imaging should you get? - Answers catheter-based arteriography (digital subtraction arteriography) provides the most useful information. can also help with treatment can help distinguish between thrombosis and embolus where are arterial emboli often found? - Answers lower extremities more common than upper extremities The common femoral, common iliac, and popliteal artery bifurcations are frequent locations majority originate in the heart fun fact: Compared with thromboemboli, atheroemboli are less likely to produce symptoms of acute limb ischemia how would you work up a patient with treatment resistant hypertension that you suspect a secondary cause? - Answers 24-hour ambulatory monitoring (to ensure not white coat) medical hx (assess adherence to meds, other meds) physical exam (look for abominal/renal bruits) labs (electrolytes, glucose, creatinine, UA) If pheo suspected: measure fractionated metanephrines and catecholamines in a 24-hour urine collection other than atherosclerosis leading to renal artery stenosis and secondary HTN, what is another causes of a renal-associated secondary HTN? - Answers fibromuscular dysplasia (usually in a young pt) most important modifable risk factor for AAA? - Answers smoking cessation! when is it okay to do screening survelliance for AAA rather than repair and how often should you screen? - Answers if AAA is 5.5 cm then annual screening with US is recommended. may need every 6 months if rapidly expanding or other concerns how should you educate a patient with AAA on exercise? - Answers Patients should be counseled that moderate physical activity such as running, biking, swimming, hiking, or sexual activity and activities such as gardening, golfing, and horseback riding do not precipitate AAA rupture Moderate physical therapy may also limit aneurysm expansion. In experimental aneurysms, increased aortic blood flow appears to inhibit AAA expansion However, heavy lifting, especially while holding the breath, and other activities that lead to Valsalva transiently induce significant increases in blood pressure and should be avoided gold standard for dx renal artery stenosis? what can be used to monitor disease progression? - Answers renal arteriography But really a spiral CT angiography is very useful and probably more likely done first duplex doppler US can be used to monitor disease progression what are some symptoms of mitral valve prolapse syndrome? - Answers various nonspecific symptoms such as palpitations, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, anxiety disorders, and dizziness since symptoms are relatively uncommon, what physical exam findings are associated with mitral valve prolapse? - Answers non-ejection click in systole click is mobile, meaning its timing varies with maneuvers that change the left ventricular volume, occurring earlier in systole with sitting, standing, or other interventions that reduce ventricular size, or later with those interventions that increase chamber size such as squatting