PSY 121 Exam 4 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed

PSY 121 Exam 4 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed Most psychologists define consciousness as the awareness of our _____________ and ____________ environment. - Answers internal; external This altered state of consciousness involves training the mind by using focused and regulated breathing, minimization of distractions, and mental imagery. - Answers Meditation Syed is sitting in a bustling restaurant listening to his friend talk about the test he just took. Syed is interested in the conversation because he is taking the test tomorrow but all of a sudden his interest is drawn across the room because he heard his name spoken. This is called ______________________. - Answers cocktail party phenomenon Sasha has her laptop open in class and is watching funny cat videos while the professor talks. After class is over, she hears the other students talking about the quiz they are having Friday. Which phenomenon explains why Sasha didn't hear her professor talk about the quiz? - Answers Selective inattention Multiple studies have shown that when students multitask during class or studying, ____________________. - Answers they do not learn effectively, which leads to lower grades One of the many reasons psychologists believe we need to sleep is that our bodies tire during the day, and sleep helps the body recuperate and function at maximum capacity. This is a description of which theory? - Answers Body restoration In which stage of sleep do vivid dreams typically occur? - Answers REM Our ________________ is a biological clock responsible for the regulation of body temperature and levels of arousal during our sleep and wake cycle. - Answers circadian rhythm The brain waves with the highest amplitude are referred to as ________ waves. - Answers delta Beta waves are associated with ______________, while theta waves are characteristic of the ____________ stage. - Answers alert wakefulness; N2 Billy is having trouble with insomnia. He has difficulty going to sleep and wakes up numerous times throughout the night. Based on what you know about sleep hygiene, what should you recommend he start doing? - Answers Go to bed and get up at the same time each day According to Freud, the latent content of our dreams is ______________ and contains the repressed _____________ and drives of the dreamer. - Answers unconscious; wishes Physiological dependence on a substance typically includes ________________ and ________________. - Answers tolerance; withdrawal Markita promised her parents she would stop smoking marijuana. Every time she worried about school and bills, she would remember how marijuana relaxed her and made her feel good. She ended up smoking again and again, even though she hated disappointing her parents. This is an example of what type of dependence? - Answers Psychological Rina works hard all week long. On the weekend, she engages in binge drinking with her friends. How many drinks must she have in one night for it to be considered binge drinking? - Answers 4 Which neurotransmitter receptors does methamphetamine destroy in the brain? - Answers Dopamine Benzodiazepines come from the class of drugs called _______________, which ________________ the functioning of the central nervous system. - Answers depressants; decrease Heroin is classified as a ____________ and directly _____________ stress-related emotions. - Answers narcotic; decreases Petra feels really alive and an overwhelming sense of well-being after her 4-mile morning run. We could say Petra has entered a(n) _______________ state of consciousness after exercise. - Answers altered This type of meditation trains a person to become a nonjudgmental observer of all their thoughts and emotions. - Answers Open monitoring meditation __________ perception is an example of awareness without attention. - Answers Subliminal In a study on inattentional blindness, what percentage of radiologists failed to detect the intentional insertion of the image of a gorilla in CT scans? - Answers 83% Justin installed a bluetooth device in his car. He now believes he will be safe from distracted driving because he does not have to use his hands to hold his phone. Justin doesn't understand that distracted driving stems from impaired __________ caused by redirection of _____________. - Answers cognition; attention This small part of the hypothalamus controls the circadian clock and is responsive to light. - Answers Suprachiasmatic nucleus Quincy notices that he feels much more focused and aware later in the day and struggles to concentrate in his 8 a.m. meeting at work. Based on his circadian rhythm, Quincy is most likely in what age group? - Answers 20-25 In order to study sleep in natural conditions, researchers took people out to camp in the woods for one week. What did they discover about the influence of natural light on the participant's biological clocks? - Answers It shifted the increase and decrease of melatonin in their bodies to 2 hours earlier to correspond with the natural light-dark conditions Cal was worried because of how much his newborn son was sleeping. He called the doctor to check how many hours a typical 2-month-old sleeps. The doctor told him newborns are supposed to sleep _____ hours each day. - Answers 14-17 Adolescents need ______ hours of sleep each night but on average only get ______ hours of sleep each night. - Answers 8-10; 7 Jaebok stayed up studying most of the night for his calculus final. He only slept about 4 hours. According to research, his memory and cognitive functioning will be decreased by approximately what percentage? - Answers 30% The American Academy of Sleep Medicine changed the sleep cycle system in 2012 and now recognizes which stage of sleep as the deepest stage? - Answers N3 Andre sometimes will wake himself up because his body jerks as he is drifting off to sleep and he says it feels like he is falling. Researchers refer to this bodily sensation as a ________________. - Answers hypnagogic jerk _________ waves emerge in sleep Stage N1 and continue into Stage N2. - Answers Theta This disorder involves excessive daytime sleepiness and periodic, uncontrolled sleep attacks that may leave the sufferer falling asleep at odd and inconvenient times. - Answers Narcolepsy Katie who is 10 years old will occasionally find herself asleep at the foot of her parents' bed in the morning, even though she went to sleep in her own bed. She never remembers leaving her room and walking to her parents' room. Katie is experiencing __________________, which tends to occur during ______ sleep. - Answers sleepwalking; NREM Cyan told her friend that she believes her dreams are just random neural activity and they have no deeper meaning. Cyan believes in ______________________. - Answers the activation-synthesis hypothesis The information-processing prospective on dreaming suggests dreams allow us to consolidate experiences from the day into ______________. - Answers memories People commonly dream of their teeth falling out; if you ascribe to the idea that dreams have hidden meanings, what is a way to interpret this dream? - Answers Anxiety about self-image and appearance Drugs that alter brain functions resulting in changes of consciousness, perception, and/or mood are called _______________ drugs. - Answers psychoactive A person can be diagnosed with a substance use disorder when the pattern of drug use causes ___________ impairment or _________________ in the person's life. - Answers significant; distress Mia gets so drunk at college parties that she passes out and wakes up in a different location.