Explain first pass metabolism.
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This occurs when the concentration of the drug is greatly reduced before it
reaches the systemic circulation. It is the portion of the drug lost during
absorption. Generally, occurs in the liver or gut wall. After a drug is swallowed
it is absorbed by the digestive system and enters the hepatic system. It is then
carried by the portal vein to the liver before it reaches the rest of the body.
, The liver metabolizes many drugs to such an extent that only a small portion
of the drug reaches the rest of the body. bioavailability of the drug thus is
greatly reduced by the liver. Sublingual administration can bypass the first
pass system plus it is also faster than oral route.
Beta 1 receptors cause?
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Increase contractility, increase heart rate, & increase av node conduction-
heart, kidney- increase renin release/increase BP
How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing?
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Many drugs that carry an electric charge are bound to albumin in the blood.
The distribution of the drug to target tissues may be affected if
hypoalbuminemia is present.
Nicotinic receptors are found where?
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Neuromuscular junction- NM NN-CNS
, Antimuscarinic drugs?
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Atropine (eye- hydrasis), (GI tract-prolonged gastric emptying), (heart-
tachycardia),& (salivary/sweat glands- dry mouth & skin), scopolamine- motion
sickness & post op n&v, oxybutinin- urinary urgency
What is off label prescribing?
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Off label use is the prescription of drugs for un approved indication or age
group dosage of route of administration. Both prescription and otc drugs can
be used in off label ways. However, most studies focus on prescription drugs.
Off label use is legal unless it violates ethical or safety guidelines. There can
be health risks or differences in legal liability.
Neuromuscular blockers?
Give this one a try later!
nondeploarizing agents - rocuronium & vecuronium depolarizing agents-
succinylcholine
Give this one a try later!
This occurs when the concentration of the drug is greatly reduced before it
reaches the systemic circulation. It is the portion of the drug lost during
absorption. Generally, occurs in the liver or gut wall. After a drug is swallowed
it is absorbed by the digestive system and enters the hepatic system. It is then
carried by the portal vein to the liver before it reaches the rest of the body.
, The liver metabolizes many drugs to such an extent that only a small portion
of the drug reaches the rest of the body. bioavailability of the drug thus is
greatly reduced by the liver. Sublingual administration can bypass the first
pass system plus it is also faster than oral route.
Beta 1 receptors cause?
Give this one a try later!
Increase contractility, increase heart rate, & increase av node conduction-
heart, kidney- increase renin release/increase BP
How does hypoalbuminemia affect the process of prescribing?
Give this one a try later!
Many drugs that carry an electric charge are bound to albumin in the blood.
The distribution of the drug to target tissues may be affected if
hypoalbuminemia is present.
Nicotinic receptors are found where?
Give this one a try later!
Neuromuscular junction- NM NN-CNS
, Antimuscarinic drugs?
Give this one a try later!
Atropine (eye- hydrasis), (GI tract-prolonged gastric emptying), (heart-
tachycardia),& (salivary/sweat glands- dry mouth & skin), scopolamine- motion
sickness & post op n&v, oxybutinin- urinary urgency
What is off label prescribing?
Give this one a try later!
Off label use is the prescription of drugs for un approved indication or age
group dosage of route of administration. Both prescription and otc drugs can
be used in off label ways. However, most studies focus on prescription drugs.
Off label use is legal unless it violates ethical or safety guidelines. There can
be health risks or differences in legal liability.
Neuromuscular blockers?
Give this one a try later!
nondeploarizing agents - rocuronium & vecuronium depolarizing agents-
succinylcholine
