ACCNS-AG (Clinical Judgment) Comprehensive Test Review Q & A 2025E.

ACCNS-AG

Clinical Judgment

Comprehensive Test Review (Qns & Ans)

2025



1. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of
heart failure?
- A) Increased cardiac output
- B) Decreased cardiac output due to impaired ventricular
function
- C) Increased blood pressure
- D) Decreased blood volume
- ANS: B) Decreased cardiac output due to impaired
ventricular function
©2024/2025

, - Rationale: Heart failure is characterized by decreased
cardiac output due to impaired ventricular function, leading to
inadequate perfusion of tissues.


2. What is the primary cause of myocardial infarction?
- A) Hypertension
- B) Coronary artery spasm
- C) Obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus
- D) Heart valve disease
- ANS: C) Obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus
- Rationale: Myocardial infarction is primarily caused by the
obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus, leading to
ischemia and necrosis of the heart muscle.


Respiratory
3. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A) Chronic cough
- B) Dyspnea
- C) Wheezing
- D) Hemoptysis
- ANS: D) Hemoptysis
©2024/2025

, - Rationale: Hemoptysis is not a common symptom of
COPD; chronic cough, dyspnea, and wheezing are typical
symptoms.


4. The __________ is the primary muscle responsible for
inspiration.
- ANS: Diaphragm
- Rationale: The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible
for inspiration, contracting to create negative pressure in the
thoracic cavity.


Endocrine
5. True or False: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by
insulin resistance.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin
deficiency, not insulin resistance.


6. Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal
cortex?
- A) Insulin
- B) Cortisol
- C) Thyroxine
©2024/2025