C431 HCM 3410
Healthcare Research & Statistics
Comprehensive OA Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of
healthcare research?
- A) To increase healthcare costs
- B) To improve patient outcomes and healthcare practices
- C) To manage hospital finances
- D) To perform surgical procedures
- ANS: B) To improve patient outcomes and healthcare
practices
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: The primary purpose of healthcare research is to
generate evidence that can improve patient outcomes and
healthcare practices.
2. What is the primary function of a p-value in statistical
analysis?
- A) To measure the strength of the relationship between
variables
- B) To determine the sample size
- C) To assess the probability that the observed results occurred
by chance
- D) To calculate the mean of a dataset
- ANS: C) To assess the probability that the observed results
occurred by chance
- Rationale: A p-value assesses the probability that the
observed results occurred by chance, helping to determine the
statistical significance of the findings.
3. Which of the following is NOT a type of observational study
in healthcare research?
- A) Cohort study
- B) Randomized controlled trial
- C) Case-control study
- D) Cross-sectional study
©2024/2025
, - ANS: B) Randomized controlled trial
- Rationale: A randomized controlled trial is an experimental
study, not an observational study.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The __________ variable is the outcome that researchers
measure in a study to assess the effect of an intervention or
exposure.
- ANS: Dependent
- Rationale: The dependent variable is the outcome that
researchers measure to assess the effect of an intervention or
exposure.
5. In healthcare research, the practice of randomly assigning
participants to different groups to reduce bias is known as
__________.
- ANS: Randomization
- Rationale: Randomization involves randomly assigning
participants to different groups to reduce bias and ensure the
validity of the study results.
6. The __________ is a measure of central tendency that
represents the middle value in a dataset when the values are
arranged in ascending order.
©2024/2025
, - ANS: Median
- Rationale: The median is the middle value in a dataset when
the values are arranged in ascending order.
True/False Questions
7. True or False: A confidence interval provides a range of
values within which the true population parameter is likely to fall.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: A confidence interval provides a range of values
within which the true population parameter is likely to fall,
offering an estimate of the precision of the sample statistic.
8. True or False: In a case-control study, researchers follow a
group of individuals over time to observe the development of
outcomes.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: In a case-control study, researchers compare
individuals with a specific outcome (cases) to those without the
outcome (controls) to identify potential risk factors.
9. True or False: The null hypothesis in statistical testing states
that there is no effect or difference between groups.
- ANS: True
©2024/2025
Healthcare Research & Statistics
Comprehensive OA Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of
healthcare research?
- A) To increase healthcare costs
- B) To improve patient outcomes and healthcare practices
- C) To manage hospital finances
- D) To perform surgical procedures
- ANS: B) To improve patient outcomes and healthcare
practices
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: The primary purpose of healthcare research is to
generate evidence that can improve patient outcomes and
healthcare practices.
2. What is the primary function of a p-value in statistical
analysis?
- A) To measure the strength of the relationship between
variables
- B) To determine the sample size
- C) To assess the probability that the observed results occurred
by chance
- D) To calculate the mean of a dataset
- ANS: C) To assess the probability that the observed results
occurred by chance
- Rationale: A p-value assesses the probability that the
observed results occurred by chance, helping to determine the
statistical significance of the findings.
3. Which of the following is NOT a type of observational study
in healthcare research?
- A) Cohort study
- B) Randomized controlled trial
- C) Case-control study
- D) Cross-sectional study
©2024/2025
, - ANS: B) Randomized controlled trial
- Rationale: A randomized controlled trial is an experimental
study, not an observational study.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The __________ variable is the outcome that researchers
measure in a study to assess the effect of an intervention or
exposure.
- ANS: Dependent
- Rationale: The dependent variable is the outcome that
researchers measure to assess the effect of an intervention or
exposure.
5. In healthcare research, the practice of randomly assigning
participants to different groups to reduce bias is known as
__________.
- ANS: Randomization
- Rationale: Randomization involves randomly assigning
participants to different groups to reduce bias and ensure the
validity of the study results.
6. The __________ is a measure of central tendency that
represents the middle value in a dataset when the values are
arranged in ascending order.
©2024/2025
, - ANS: Median
- Rationale: The median is the middle value in a dataset when
the values are arranged in ascending order.
True/False Questions
7. True or False: A confidence interval provides a range of
values within which the true population parameter is likely to fall.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: A confidence interval provides a range of values
within which the true population parameter is likely to fall,
offering an estimate of the precision of the sample statistic.
8. True or False: In a case-control study, researchers follow a
group of individuals over time to observe the development of
outcomes.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: In a case-control study, researchers compare
individuals with a specific outcome (cases) to those without the
outcome (controls) to identify potential risk factors.
9. True or False: The null hypothesis in statistical testing states
that there is no effect or difference between groups.
- ANS: True
©2024/2025
