Pharmacology NURS 251 Module Exam 8 portage learning A Questions and Answer

Question 1 What is the therapeutic effect of an analgesic within the body? Answer: Pain relief Question 2 Select the false statement regarding key terms related to pain and the treatment of pain. Acute pain comes on suddenly and lasts no more than 6 weeks Chronic pain is much more difficult to treat. Physical dependence to analgesics is characterized by the need to use the drugs despite the harm they may cause. Tolerance induces changes in the drug receptors over time that decrease its therapeutic effect. Question 3 Name the three main therapeutic effects of NSAIDs. Answer: analgesia, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory Question 4 True or False. Opioids act on mu, kappa, and delta receptors. True False Question 5 Certain antiepileptic medications have shown to be effective in treating what type of pain? Answer: Neuropathic pain Question 6 Select the true statement regarding fibromyalgia. It is a rare form of neuropathic pain It is easily treated with traditional pain medications Symptoms include widespread pain with fatigue, sleep, memory and mood issues. It is thought to be caused by the development of tolerance to pain medications. Question 7 Name the one meperidine-like opioid other than meperidine. Answer: Fentanyl Question 8 True or False. Constipation is a common side effect associated with opioids; however it is known to dissipate over time. True False False: Constipation does not dissipate over time. In fact, most patients on longer term opioids need to be treated with a bowel regimen to prevent constipation. Question 9 Name an opioid that is considered more potent than morphine? Answer: any of the following: oxymorphone, hydromorphone, or fentanyl. Question 10 Select the true statement below. Oxycodone is commonly used in prescription cough suppressants Methadone is primarily used to treat addiction Hydromorphone is twice as potent as morphine Morphine is available in a 72-hour topical patch. Question 11 True or False. When people die from an opioid overdose it is usually related to respiratory depression. True False Question 12 Describe the most common clinical use of naltrexone. Answer: Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist that can be used to treat an opioid overdose. Question 13 Select the false statement regarding NSAIDs. There are over 23 different NSAIDs available on the market They are commonly used to treat arthritis, joint pain, and headache Celecoxib is selective for COX-2 Ibuprofen is also known as Advil or Aleve Question 14 Fill in the paragraph below with the following terms: prostaglandin, arachidonic acid, leukotriene, histamine, cyclooxygenase (1 point each) The first response of the body is to release 1. from phospholipids in the cell membrane. It can then be metabolized by two different pathways: the 2. pathway or the leukotriene pathway. The ultimate effects of both of these pathways is inflammation, edema, headache, and other pain characteristics. The first pathway involves an enzyme 3. that converts arachidonic acid into various substances that then go on to cause inflammation by increasing vasodilation and vasopermeability. This then in turn increases the action of other proinflammatory substances like 4. and bradykinin. The second pathway is less well understood, but essentially the enzyme lipoxygenase converts the arachidonic acid to various 5. that also increase the body’s inflammatory response. Answer: 1. arachidonic acid 2. prostaglandin 3. cyclooxygenase 4. histamine 5. leukotriene Question 15 List three common signs of inflammation. Answer: any three of the following: pain, fever, redness, swelling, loss of function