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Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era, and
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations kk kk kk kk
Salvo: Massage Therapy, 7th Edition
kk kk kk kk
MULTIPLE CHOICE kk
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
kk kk kk kk kk
a. kk kk
k k Acupuncture
b. kk kk
k k Ayurveda
c. kk kk k k Polarity
therapy
kk
d. Massage therapy
kk kk k k kk
ANS: kk
D
k k
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes.
kk kk kk kk kk
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. kk kk
k k Mashesh
b. Masso kk kk kk
c. Masser
kk kk kk kk
d.
kk kk kk
k k Makeh
ANS: kk
B
k k
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. 1600s kk kk kk
b. 1700s kk kk kk kk
c. 1800s kk kk kk kk
d. kk kk kk
k k 1900s
ANS: kk
C
k k
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or simply rubbing.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. kk kk
India
k k
b. China kk kk k k
c. Egypt
kk kk kk k k
d.
kk kk kk
k k Greece
ANS: kk
B
k k
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Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Tao Te Ching
kk kk k k kk kk
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b. kk kk k k Nei Ching kk
c. kk kk k k Ayur-Veda
d. kk kk k k Corpus Hippocraticum kk
ANS: B kk k k
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
therapies?
kk
a. Polarity
kk kk k k
b. Shiatsu
kk kk k k
c. Acupuncture
kk kk k k
d. Amma
kk kk k k
ANS: D kk k k
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
therapies, manual and energetic.
kk kk kk kk
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Ayurveda kk kk k k
b. Shiatsu kk kk kk
c. Amma kk kk kk k k
d. kk kk kk
k k Polarity
ANS: A kk k k
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Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Ayur-Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
healing procedure.
kk kk
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressure
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
of the thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Ayurveda
kk kk k k
b. Shiatsu
kk kk k k
c. Massage
kk kk k k
d. Amma
kk kk k k
ANS: B kk k k
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
acupuncture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy;
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
shiatsu therapists use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
feet.
kk
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Galen kk kk k k
b. Celsus kk kk kk kk
c. kk kk kk
k k Rhazes
d. Hippocrates
kk kk k k
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, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: D kk k k
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ His works are collectively
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
patients.
kk
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
the East and the West?
kk kk kk kk kk
a. Rhazes
kk kk k k
b. Celsus
kk kk k k
c. Avicenna
kk kk k k
d. Hippocrates
kk kk k k
ANS: C kk k k
A text entitled
kk kk or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
the West.
kk kk
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Paré kk kk k k
b. Harvey kk kk k k
c. Galen kk kk k k
d. Mezger kk kk k k
ANS: A kk k k
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Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
dislocated joints and other orthopedic conditions.
kk kk kk kk kk kk
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
contraction of the heart?
kk kk kk kk
a. Paré
kk kk k k
b. Galen
kk kk k k
c. Harvey
kk kk k k
d. Mezger
kk kk k k
ANS: C kk k k
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that muscular contraction
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
(systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins. This discovery enhanced the acceptance of
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
massage as a therapeutic measure.
kk kk kk kk kk
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Johann Mezger
kk kk k k kk
b. Pehr H. Lingkk kk k k kk kk
c. George Henry Taylor
kk kk k k kk kk
d. John Harvey Kellogg
kk kk k k kk kk
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Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era, and
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations kk kk kk kk
Salvo: Massage Therapy, 7th Edition
kk kk kk kk
MULTIPLE CHOICE kk
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
kk kk kk kk kk
a. kk kk
k k Acupuncture
b. kk kk
k k Ayurveda
c. kk kk k k Polarity
therapy
kk
d. Massage therapy
kk kk k k kk
ANS: kk
D
k k
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes.
kk kk kk kk kk
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. kk kk
k k Mashesh
b. Masso kk kk kk
c. Masser
kk kk kk kk
d.
kk kk kk
k k Makeh
ANS: kk
B
k k
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
kk kk kk kk kk
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. 1600s kk kk kk
b. 1700s kk kk kk kk
c. 1800s kk kk kk kk
d. kk kk kk
k k 1900s
ANS: kk
C
k k
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or simply rubbing.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. kk kk
India
k k
b. China kk kk k k
c. Egypt
kk kk kk k k
d.
kk kk kk
k k Greece
ANS: kk
B
k k
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Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Tao Te Ching
kk kk k k kk kk
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b. kk kk k k Nei Ching kk
c. kk kk k k Ayur-Veda
d. kk kk k k Corpus Hippocraticum kk
ANS: B kk k k
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
therapies?
kk
a. Polarity
kk kk k k
b. Shiatsu
kk kk k k
c. Acupuncture
kk kk k k
d. Amma
kk kk k k
ANS: D kk k k
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
therapies, manual and energetic.
kk kk kk kk
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Ayurveda kk kk k k
b. Shiatsu kk kk kk
c. Amma kk kk kk k k
d. kk kk kk
k k Polarity
ANS: A kk k k
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Ayur-Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
healing procedure.
kk kk
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressure
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
of the thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Ayurveda
kk kk k k
b. Shiatsu
kk kk k k
c. Massage
kk kk k k
d. Amma
kk kk k k
ANS: B kk k k
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
acupuncture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy;
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
shiatsu therapists use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
feet.
kk
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Galen kk kk k k
b. Celsus kk kk kk kk
c. kk kk kk
k k Rhazes
d. Hippocrates
kk kk k k
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: D kk k k
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ His works are collectively
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
patients.
kk
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
the East and the West?
kk kk kk kk kk
a. Rhazes
kk kk k k
b. Celsus
kk kk k k
c. Avicenna
kk kk k k
d. Hippocrates
kk kk k k
ANS: C kk k k
A text entitled
kk kk or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
the West.
kk kk
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Paré kk kk k k
b. Harvey kk kk k k
c. Galen kk kk k k
d. Mezger kk kk k k
ANS: A kk k k
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
dislocated joints and other orthopedic conditions.
kk kk kk kk kk kk
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
contraction of the heart?
kk kk kk kk
a. Paré
kk kk k k
b. Galen
kk kk k k
c. Harvey
kk kk k k
d. Mezger
kk kk k k
ANS: C kk k k
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628.
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that muscular contraction
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
(systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins. This discovery enhanced the acceptance of
kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
massage as a therapeutic measure.
kk kk kk kk kk
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
kk kk k k kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk
a. Johann Mezger
kk kk k k kk
b. Pehr H. Lingkk kk k k kk kk
c. George Henry Taylor
kk kk k k kk kk
d. John Harvey Kellogg
kk kk k k kk kk
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