ELO 1 Exam Study Guide with Complete
Solutions
Absolute Monarchy
A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king
or queen has almost complete power
Divine Right
Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.
Democracy
government by the people
Republic
A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting
Constitution
A written plan of government
Social Contract
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating
a government and abiding by its rules.
Natural Rights
the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and
property
Voltaire
(1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best
weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French
government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.
John Locke
English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government
powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government
serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.
, Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other
branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Popular Sovereignty
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
Estate
social class
Bourgeoisie
the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people
Louis XIV
This French king ruled for the longest time ever in Europe. He issued several economic
policies and costly wars. He was the prime example of absolutism in France.
Bastile
A prision fortress in Paris that was attacked and destroyed on July 14, 1789 at the start
of the French revolution
Reign of Terror
This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to
solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were
executed.
Napoleon
French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)
Congress of Vienna
(1814-1815 CE) Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish
the old order after the defeat of Napoleon.
Rousseau
(1712-1778) Believed that society threatened natural rights and freedoms. Wrote about
society's corruption caused by the revival of sciences and art instead of it's
improvement. He was sponsored by the wealthy and participated in salons but often felt
uncomfortable and denounced them. Wrote "The Social Contract."
Solutions
Absolute Monarchy
A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king
or queen has almost complete power
Divine Right
Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.
Democracy
government by the people
Republic
A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting
Constitution
A written plan of government
Social Contract
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating
a government and abiding by its rules.
Natural Rights
the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and
property
Voltaire
(1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best
weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French
government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.
John Locke
English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government
powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government
serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.
, Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other
branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Popular Sovereignty
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
Estate
social class
Bourgeoisie
the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people
Louis XIV
This French king ruled for the longest time ever in Europe. He issued several economic
policies and costly wars. He was the prime example of absolutism in France.
Bastile
A prision fortress in Paris that was attacked and destroyed on July 14, 1789 at the start
of the French revolution
Reign of Terror
This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to
solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were
executed.
Napoleon
French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)
Congress of Vienna
(1814-1815 CE) Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish
the old order after the defeat of Napoleon.
Rousseau
(1712-1778) Believed that society threatened natural rights and freedoms. Wrote about
society's corruption caused by the revival of sciences and art instead of it's
improvement. He was sponsored by the wealthy and participated in salons but often felt
uncomfortable and denounced them. Wrote "The Social Contract."
