Pathophysiology exam 2
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located
in which of the following fluid compartments? correct answersIntravascular
fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight
is ICF? correct answers42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg
person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the
elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have
a(n): correct answersdecreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a
decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: correct
answersliver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined
by: correct answersosmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid
movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving
into the interstitial space? correct answersIncreased interstitial oncotic
pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the
principle of water balance is closely related to balance. correct
answersSodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which
of the following is the most likely cause of this condition? correct
answersIncreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is
incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from
cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as: correct
answerslocalized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which
information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by:
correct answersincreased plasma osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful
concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: correct
answersincreased blood volume
,A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the
adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab
results? correct answersDecreased blood K+ levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones.
When the patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should
the nurse respond? Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of: correct
answersSodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After
diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders
fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous
solution. Which of the following would be expected? correct
answersIntracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing
hypernatremia? A patient with: correct answersdehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: correct answersA.
renal water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: correct
answersHypertonic hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and
depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed
diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results indicate
hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to occur? correct
answersdecreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority?
Hyperkalemia causes a(n) in resting membrane potential with
excitability of cardiac muscle. correct answersincrease, increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient
with: correct answersIncreased bicarbonate intake
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for
hyperkalemia? correct answersAcute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has
long-term potassium deficits? correct answerskidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle
weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is
hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition?
correct answersPrimary hyperaldosteronism
, A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting
restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is
hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition?
correct answersacidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment
finding should the nurse expect to observe? correct answersoliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma
buffering system? correct answerscarbonic acid and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or
retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the: correct answerslungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and
bicarbonate exist in a ratio of: correct answers20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient
with: correct answersExcessive loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic
acidosis? A patient diagnosed with: correct answersrenal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate
by: correct answershyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory
acidosis? correct answerspneumonia
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive
tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal
decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings
help to confirm the diagnosis of: correct answersrespiratory acidosis
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body
will include: correct answersKidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports
dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an
elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis? correct answersRespiratory alkalosis
with renal compensation
Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of natriuretic
peptides. Which organ is the priority assessment? correct answersheart
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a
hormone- secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor
secretes ADH. Which of
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located
in which of the following fluid compartments? correct answersIntravascular
fluid
A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight
is ICF? correct answers42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg
person is about 42 L (60%)
While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the
elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have
a(n): correct answersdecreased muscle mass
Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a
decreased oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: correct
answersliver failure
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined
by: correct answersosmotic forces
An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on fluid
movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid moving
into the interstitial space? correct answersIncreased interstitial oncotic
pressure
When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the
principle of water balance is closely related to balance. correct
answersSodium
A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which
of the following is the most likely cause of this condition? correct
answersIncreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is
incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from
cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as: correct
answerslocalized edema
A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which
information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by:
correct answersincreased plasma osmolality
Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful
concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: correct
answersincreased blood volume
,A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the
adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab
results? correct answersDecreased blood K+ levels
A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones.
When the patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should
the nurse respond? Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of: correct
answersSodium
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After
diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders
fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous
solution. Which of the following would be expected? correct
answersIntracellular dehydration
Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing
hypernatremia? A patient with: correct answersdehydration
The most common cause of pure water deficit is: correct answersA.
renal water loss
Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: correct
answersHypertonic hyponatremia
A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and
depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the prescribed
diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results indicate
hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to occur? correct
answersdecreased sodium
When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority?
Hyperkalemia causes a(n) in resting membrane potential with
excitability of cardiac muscle. correct answersincrease, increased
Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient
with: correct answersIncreased bicarbonate intake
Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for
hyperkalemia? correct answersAcute acidosis
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has
long-term potassium deficits? correct answerskidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle
weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is
hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition?
correct answersPrimary hyperaldosteronism
, A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting
restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is
hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition?
correct answersacidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment
finding should the nurse expect to observe? correct answersoliguria
Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma
buffering system? correct answerscarbonic acid and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or
retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the: correct answerslungs
Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and
bicarbonate exist in a ratio of: correct answers20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient
with: correct answersExcessive loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic
acidosis? A patient diagnosed with: correct answersrenal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate
by: correct answershyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory
acidosis? correct answerspneumonia
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive
tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal
decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings
help to confirm the diagnosis of: correct answersrespiratory acidosis
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body
will include: correct answersKidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports
dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an
elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis? correct answersRespiratory alkalosis
with renal compensation
Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of natriuretic
peptides. Which organ is the priority assessment? correct answersheart
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a
hormone- secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor
secretes ADH. Which of
