ELCS Exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed
Chain of Infection - Answers 1) Pathogen
2) Source
3) Mode
4) Entry
5) Susceptible host
Modes of disease transmission - Answers - direct contact w/ blood or body fluids
- indirect contact w/ contaminated surface
- contact of mucosa of eyes, nose, or mouth w/ droplets
- inhalation of airborne microorganisms
CPR steps - Answers 1) verify scene safety
2) check responsiveness
3) activate 911
4) determine if victim breathing and has pulse
5) begin CPR (30 compressions to 2 breaths if 1 rescuer) (use AED when arrives)
6) after 5 cycles recheck for pulse and perform another 2 min of CPR if necessary
HIPAA - Answers Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- protecting privacy and security of health data (PHI)
PHI - Answers Protected health information that is transmitted or maintained in any medium that is
created/received by health care provider that relates to physical/mental health
Privacy - Answers An individual's right to keep certain info to himself, with the understanding that their
PHI will only be used or disclosed with their permission or as permitted by law
Minimum necessary standard - Answers Covered entity must use or disclose only the minimum
necessary PHI required to accomplish purpose of disclosure
HIPAA Security Rule - Answers Enforces:
1) Confidentiality - only authorized individuals
2) Integrity - info has not been altered
, 3) Availability - info accessible to authorized individuals when they need it
Breach - Answers Occurs when "unsecured PHI" is acquired in an unauthorized manner that
compromises the security or privacy of the info
SARS-CoV-2 - Answers - virus that causes the disease of COVID-19
- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Coronaviruses - Answers Standard viruses responsible for upper respiratory infections and 15-30% of
common colds
COVID-19 - Answers - RNA virus
- membrane studded with glycoprotein spikes that surrounds genome
- glycoproteins have receptors that allow for attachment in lungs
- spread thru sneezing/coughing and droplets on surfaces
RNA viruses - Answers - single-strand
- can mutate at a rate thousands of times faster than DNA viruses
- new genetic variation means new characteristics
Fomites - Answers Contaminated nonliving objects
COVID symptoms - Answers 1) fever over 100.4
2) cough
3) shortness of breath
4) loss of test or smell
5) sore throat
Zoonosis - Answers - infectious diseases of animals (zoon) that can be transmitted to humans
- >60% of human infections
- spread by air (flu), bites (rabies), or intermediate species/vector (Zika)
- swine flu, west Nile, SARS, Ebola, AIDS, MERS
Herd immunity - Answers When a critical portion of a community is immunized against a contagious
disease, most members of the community are protected, against that disease because there is little
opportunity for an outbreak
Chain of Infection - Answers 1) Pathogen
2) Source
3) Mode
4) Entry
5) Susceptible host
Modes of disease transmission - Answers - direct contact w/ blood or body fluids
- indirect contact w/ contaminated surface
- contact of mucosa of eyes, nose, or mouth w/ droplets
- inhalation of airborne microorganisms
CPR steps - Answers 1) verify scene safety
2) check responsiveness
3) activate 911
4) determine if victim breathing and has pulse
5) begin CPR (30 compressions to 2 breaths if 1 rescuer) (use AED when arrives)
6) after 5 cycles recheck for pulse and perform another 2 min of CPR if necessary
HIPAA - Answers Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- protecting privacy and security of health data (PHI)
PHI - Answers Protected health information that is transmitted or maintained in any medium that is
created/received by health care provider that relates to physical/mental health
Privacy - Answers An individual's right to keep certain info to himself, with the understanding that their
PHI will only be used or disclosed with their permission or as permitted by law
Minimum necessary standard - Answers Covered entity must use or disclose only the minimum
necessary PHI required to accomplish purpose of disclosure
HIPAA Security Rule - Answers Enforces:
1) Confidentiality - only authorized individuals
2) Integrity - info has not been altered
, 3) Availability - info accessible to authorized individuals when they need it
Breach - Answers Occurs when "unsecured PHI" is acquired in an unauthorized manner that
compromises the security or privacy of the info
SARS-CoV-2 - Answers - virus that causes the disease of COVID-19
- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Coronaviruses - Answers Standard viruses responsible for upper respiratory infections and 15-30% of
common colds
COVID-19 - Answers - RNA virus
- membrane studded with glycoprotein spikes that surrounds genome
- glycoproteins have receptors that allow for attachment in lungs
- spread thru sneezing/coughing and droplets on surfaces
RNA viruses - Answers - single-strand
- can mutate at a rate thousands of times faster than DNA viruses
- new genetic variation means new characteristics
Fomites - Answers Contaminated nonliving objects
COVID symptoms - Answers 1) fever over 100.4
2) cough
3) shortness of breath
4) loss of test or smell
5) sore throat
Zoonosis - Answers - infectious diseases of animals (zoon) that can be transmitted to humans
- >60% of human infections
- spread by air (flu), bites (rabies), or intermediate species/vector (Zika)
- swine flu, west Nile, SARS, Ebola, AIDS, MERS
Herd immunity - Answers When a critical portion of a community is immunized against a contagious
disease, most members of the community are protected, against that disease because there is little
opportunity for an outbreak
