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Which of the following cell types provides a waterproofing function for the outer layers of skin?
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A. Melanocytes Il!
B. Keratinocytes Il!
C. Merkel cells Il! Il!
D. Langerhans cells - B. Keratinocytes
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Keratinocytes contain the protein keratin. They are produced in the epidermis and migrate Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!
upwards. The tight junctions between cells prevent water entry. They eventually form a layer of
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dead cells on the skin surface, which produces a waterproofing effect.
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A person is suddenly frightened. Which of the following reactions occurs next?
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A. Liver cells absorb glucose from the blood stream. Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!
B. Blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles constrict. Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!
C. Blood vessels supplying the intestines dilate. Il! Il! Il! Il! Il! Il!
D. Liver cells release glucose into the blood stream. - D. Liver cells release glucose into the blood
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Epinephrine causes liver cells to break down glycogen, which causes an increase in sugar in the Il!
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blood stream.
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Kidneys remove which of the following from the blood?
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A. Platelets Il!
B. Salts Il!
C. Oxygen Il!
D. Fat - B. Salts
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Salts are removed by the kidneys.
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Which of the following structures within a human cell is responsible for recycling the materials
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no longer functional or needed within the cell?
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A. Ribosome
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B. Lysosome Il!
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C. Mitochondrion
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D. Nucleolus - B. Lysosome
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Lysosomes are specialized vacuoles containing digestive enzymes.
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Which of the following are sesamoid bones?
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A. Phalanges Il!
B. Patellae Il!
C. Scapulae Il!
D. Metatarsals - B. Patellae
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Patellae are sesamoid bones, which develop in response to strain. Patellae are also considered
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short bones.
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Which of the following chemical compounds prevents the lungs from collapsing?
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