Test Bank For Pediatric Physical Examination An Illustrated Handbook 3rd Edition by Karen G. Duderstadt 9780323476508 Chapter 1-20 Complete Guide

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TEST BANK FOR PEDIATRIC
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PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AN
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pp ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 3RD pp pp




EDITION DUDERSTADT
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Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
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Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
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MULTIPLE CHOICE pp




1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement
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pp best describes development in infants and children?
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a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp



within normal limits.
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b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
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c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp



development occurring first.
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d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth. pp pp pp pp pp pp pp pp




ANS: A pp




Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs
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pp function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can
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pp vary normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a
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pp definition for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle
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pp organization occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more
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complex process that is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately
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pp measured. Growth is a predictable process with standard measurement methods.
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2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
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a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to
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identify any delays or deficits.
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b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
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c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
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d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
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ANS: C pp




Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
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pp developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of
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pp time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development
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pp that requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a
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pp nurturing environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation
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specific to their developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and
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pp proceed in a predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
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3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
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a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

d. Nutrition


ANS: C pp




Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
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pp factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
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pp not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
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pp factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth
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pp and development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a
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significant role in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The
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pp environment can influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but
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pp environmental factors cannot eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth
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pp and plays a significant role throughout childhood.
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4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the
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pp period of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is
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pp the pp p p p p p p p p period of cognitive development.pp pp pp




a. sensorimotor




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