HCMG Final Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2025 Graded A+
What is a Health Care System - Answers An organization of people, institutions and resources that
deliver healthcare services to meet the health needs of target populations.
Biomedical Model - Answers Presupposes the existence of illness/disease thereby emphasizing clinical
diagnosis and medical intervention in the treatment of disease.
Health Interventions - Answers Strategies to improve Health
-School nutrition programs
-patient safety protocols
-community-based partnerships
-care coordination
Fundamental Theories for health care distribution - Answers Market- individual responsibility for health
Social- shared responsibility for health
Preindustrial Era - Answers -few medical school & hospitals
-Apprenticeships
-trade w/out prestige
-no tools or antisepsis
-medical care mainly in households
PostIndustrial Era - Answers -XRAYs discovered 1895
-cities more centralized
-lay people could no longer deliver medical care
-fewer house calls
-PROFESSIONALIZATION of healthcare
Flexner Report - Answers Examination of medical schools. Closure of a lot of schools came about.
Medicare - Answers One of the largest sources of public health insurance. Serves people over 65,
disabled and people with End stage Renal disease.
Medicare Part A - Answers Social Security funds to finance hospital care
Medicare Part B - Answers covers physician services
, Medicaid - Answers The third largest source of health insurance in the US. provides coverage for low-
income adults, children and elderly and individuals with disabilities.
Blue Cross - Answers hospital insurance
Blue Shield - Answers physican fees (both merges in the 1970's)
Corporate Era - Answers -1970's to present
-Managed care- control physician and hospital fees
-Integrated delivery system
-Information revolutions(telemedicine, e-health)
-Globilization-crossborder activities
3 Cornerstones of Healthcare delivery - Answers -High in COST
-Unequal in ACCESS
-Average in QUALITY
3 Reasons for High Health Care Costs - Answers 1- Growth of technology- inexpensive technology makes
people live longer.
2- Increased Elderly Population- Elderly consume more health care costs than the general population
3- Multipayer system & Administrative Costs- its takes a lot of time and effort to keep up with all payers,
single payer would cut administrative costs.
Ways to contain costs - Answers -EHRs should make it easier to share information between physicians
-A new focus on prevention and chronic disease management should keep costs from rising
-ACA
Moral Hazard - Answers consumer behavior that leads to higher utilization of health care services when
services are covered by insurance.
Single payer system - Answers _____________ systems are usually financed more progressively, and rely
on existing taxation systems; they effectively distribute risks throughout one large risk pool; and they
offer governments a high degree of control over the total expenditure on health.
Multi payer system - Answers In this system two or more providers administer the UHC and usually do
so in competition with each other. The government, or its nominee, may or may not be an active
participant, but usually is expected to set the rules of the competition and monitor the system to ensure
fair and equitable service.
What is a Health Care System - Answers An organization of people, institutions and resources that
deliver healthcare services to meet the health needs of target populations.
Biomedical Model - Answers Presupposes the existence of illness/disease thereby emphasizing clinical
diagnosis and medical intervention in the treatment of disease.
Health Interventions - Answers Strategies to improve Health
-School nutrition programs
-patient safety protocols
-community-based partnerships
-care coordination
Fundamental Theories for health care distribution - Answers Market- individual responsibility for health
Social- shared responsibility for health
Preindustrial Era - Answers -few medical school & hospitals
-Apprenticeships
-trade w/out prestige
-no tools or antisepsis
-medical care mainly in households
PostIndustrial Era - Answers -XRAYs discovered 1895
-cities more centralized
-lay people could no longer deliver medical care
-fewer house calls
-PROFESSIONALIZATION of healthcare
Flexner Report - Answers Examination of medical schools. Closure of a lot of schools came about.
Medicare - Answers One of the largest sources of public health insurance. Serves people over 65,
disabled and people with End stage Renal disease.
Medicare Part A - Answers Social Security funds to finance hospital care
Medicare Part B - Answers covers physician services
, Medicaid - Answers The third largest source of health insurance in the US. provides coverage for low-
income adults, children and elderly and individuals with disabilities.
Blue Cross - Answers hospital insurance
Blue Shield - Answers physican fees (both merges in the 1970's)
Corporate Era - Answers -1970's to present
-Managed care- control physician and hospital fees
-Integrated delivery system
-Information revolutions(telemedicine, e-health)
-Globilization-crossborder activities
3 Cornerstones of Healthcare delivery - Answers -High in COST
-Unequal in ACCESS
-Average in QUALITY
3 Reasons for High Health Care Costs - Answers 1- Growth of technology- inexpensive technology makes
people live longer.
2- Increased Elderly Population- Elderly consume more health care costs than the general population
3- Multipayer system & Administrative Costs- its takes a lot of time and effort to keep up with all payers,
single payer would cut administrative costs.
Ways to contain costs - Answers -EHRs should make it easier to share information between physicians
-A new focus on prevention and chronic disease management should keep costs from rising
-ACA
Moral Hazard - Answers consumer behavior that leads to higher utilization of health care services when
services are covered by insurance.
Single payer system - Answers _____________ systems are usually financed more progressively, and rely
on existing taxation systems; they effectively distribute risks throughout one large risk pool; and they
offer governments a high degree of control over the total expenditure on health.
Multi payer system - Answers In this system two or more providers administer the UHC and usually do
so in competition with each other. The government, or its nominee, may or may not be an active
participant, but usually is expected to set the rules of the competition and monitor the system to ensure
fair and equitable service.
