Module 4 NUTR 400 UNH 2025
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
What makes a nutrient essential? - ✔✔Essential nutrients must be provided
exogenously (from the diet) because the body either doesn't produce any of it, or the
body cannot produce it in sufficient quanitites.
What makes a nutrient non-essential? - ✔✔nutrients that are non essential can be made
endogenously (in the body) in satisfactory amounts needed to sustain physiological
requirements; OR it may not be required for sustaining life
what makes a nutrient conditionally essential? - ✔✔a nutrient is considered to be
conditionally essential if a once non essential nutrient becomes an essential nutrient.
There are many reasons you may need to have more of a nutrient such as pregnancy,
life stage, injury/illness, etc.
Define Bioavailability - ✔✔the amount of a nutrient that is absorbed and available to be
used by the body. Put simply, the amount of a nutrient that we consume that we are
able to use. For example, you may consume 20 mg of iron, but the availability of it is
only about 2 mg.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,What factors influence bioavailability? - ✔✔Increase:
- physiological need
-dietary choices
-source (foods preferred over supplements)
Decrease:
- amount consumed
-dietary choices
- source
-binders
We only need micronutrients in ____________ amounts. - ✔✔Small, hence the prefix
MICRO
What are our micronutrients? - ✔✔vitamins and minerals
What is a vitamin? - ✔✔they are organic molecules that yield no energy, most of them
cannot be made by the body, they come from both plant and animal sources, and they
are classified as fat soluble or water soluble.
Which is a better source of vitamins, plants or animals? - ✔✔plants
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, What are the two different classifications of vitamins? - ✔✔Fat Soluble and Water
Soluble
What are the fat soluble vitamins? - ✔✔A, D, E, K
What are the water soluble vitamins? - ✔✔B vitamins, C
Fat soluble vitamins need carriers for transportation...why? - ✔✔fat soluble vitamins
require transporters because they are hydrophobic meaning they will not travel in the
blood.
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? - ✔✔in adipose tissue(fat) and the liver.
How are fat soluble vitamins excreted? - ✔✔they are stored in fat so they typically
aren't excreted unless used. This leads to why fat soluble vitamins have the potential for
toxicity, because they are just building up in our bodies and not regularly being
excreted or lost like water soluble vitamins are.
What is the general requirement for consumption of fat soluble vitamins? - ✔✔they
should be consumed periodically, but not too often as this can result in toxicity.
Describe the transport of water soluble vitamins. - ✔✔they can travel freely through the
blood because blood is water based and they are hydrophilic meaning they have no
trouble traveling in water.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
What makes a nutrient essential? - ✔✔Essential nutrients must be provided
exogenously (from the diet) because the body either doesn't produce any of it, or the
body cannot produce it in sufficient quanitites.
What makes a nutrient non-essential? - ✔✔nutrients that are non essential can be made
endogenously (in the body) in satisfactory amounts needed to sustain physiological
requirements; OR it may not be required for sustaining life
what makes a nutrient conditionally essential? - ✔✔a nutrient is considered to be
conditionally essential if a once non essential nutrient becomes an essential nutrient.
There are many reasons you may need to have more of a nutrient such as pregnancy,
life stage, injury/illness, etc.
Define Bioavailability - ✔✔the amount of a nutrient that is absorbed and available to be
used by the body. Put simply, the amount of a nutrient that we consume that we are
able to use. For example, you may consume 20 mg of iron, but the availability of it is
only about 2 mg.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,What factors influence bioavailability? - ✔✔Increase:
- physiological need
-dietary choices
-source (foods preferred over supplements)
Decrease:
- amount consumed
-dietary choices
- source
-binders
We only need micronutrients in ____________ amounts. - ✔✔Small, hence the prefix
MICRO
What are our micronutrients? - ✔✔vitamins and minerals
What is a vitamin? - ✔✔they are organic molecules that yield no energy, most of them
cannot be made by the body, they come from both plant and animal sources, and they
are classified as fat soluble or water soluble.
Which is a better source of vitamins, plants or animals? - ✔✔plants
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, What are the two different classifications of vitamins? - ✔✔Fat Soluble and Water
Soluble
What are the fat soluble vitamins? - ✔✔A, D, E, K
What are the water soluble vitamins? - ✔✔B vitamins, C
Fat soluble vitamins need carriers for transportation...why? - ✔✔fat soluble vitamins
require transporters because they are hydrophobic meaning they will not travel in the
blood.
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? - ✔✔in adipose tissue(fat) and the liver.
How are fat soluble vitamins excreted? - ✔✔they are stored in fat so they typically
aren't excreted unless used. This leads to why fat soluble vitamins have the potential for
toxicity, because they are just building up in our bodies and not regularly being
excreted or lost like water soluble vitamins are.
What is the general requirement for consumption of fat soluble vitamins? - ✔✔they
should be consumed periodically, but not too often as this can result in toxicity.
Describe the transport of water soluble vitamins. - ✔✔they can travel freely through the
blood because blood is water based and they are hydrophilic meaning they have no
trouble traveling in water.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
