O0 6 N0 6 E
Introduction
ANSWERS06TO06REVIEW06QUESTIONS
1. Guided06missiles,06automatic06gain06control06in06radio06receivers,06satellite06tracking06antenna
2. Yes06-06power06gain,06remote06control,06parameter06conversion;06No06-06Expense,06complexity
3. Motor,06low06pass06filter,06inertia06supported06between06two06bearings
4. Closed-
loop06systems06compensate06for06disturbances06by06measuring06the06response,06comparing06i
t06to06the06input06response06(the06desired06output),06and06then06correcting06the06output06resp
onse.
5. Under06the06condition06that06the06feedback06element06is06other06than06unity
6. Actuating06signal
7. Multiple06subsystems06can06time06share06the06controller.06Any06adjustments06to06the06co
ntroller06can06be06implemented06with06simply06software06changes.
8. Stability,06transient06response,06and06steady-state06error
9. Steady-state,06transient
10. It06follows06a06growing06transient06response06until06the06steady-
state06response06is06no06longer06visible.06The06system06will06either06destroy06itself,06reach06an
06equilibrium06state06because06of06saturation06in06driving06amplifiers,06or06hit06limit06stops.
11. Transient06response
12. True
13. Transfer06function,06state-space,06differential06equations
14. Transfer06function06-06the06Laplace06transform06of06the06differential06equation
State-space06-
06representation06of06an06nth06order06differential06equation06as06n06simultaneous06first-
order06differential06equations
Differential06equation06-06Modeling06a06system06with06its06differential06equation
SOLUTIONS06TO06PROBLEM
S 5006volts
=061.59
06506x062
1. Five06turns06yields065006v.06Theref
ore06K06= 06rad
,20 6 Chapter061:0 6 Introd
uction
2.
Desired0 Temperature Voltage0 Actual06temperat
Fuel06fl
6temperatur 06differenc 6differenc ure
ow
e e e
+ Amplifier06a
06 Thermostat Heater
nd06valv
- es
3.
Desired Input Error0 Aileron Roll Roll0
06roll 06volta 6voltag 06positi 06r 6angl
06ang ge e on ate e
le +
control
s -
4.
Input0
Speed
Desired 6voltag Actual
06Error Motor06
06spee e 06spe
06volta and06dr
d transducer Amplifier ed
+ ge ive
system
- Dancer
Dancer0
position06s
6dynamic
ensor
Voltage06p s
roportional
to06actual06speed
5.
Input Power Rod0
06volta 06Erro 6positio
Desired ge r06volt Motor0 n Actual
power age 6and0 06po
Transducer
+ Amplifier 6drive0 Reactor wer
6syste
-
m
Sensor06
&06transd
Voltage06p ucer
roportional
to06actual06power
, Solutions06to06Problems0
6 3
6.
Graduating0
6and
drop-
Desired out06rat
Actual0
Desired Population 06stud Actual e
6stude
ent Net06ra nt
te
student06popul error rate student - of06infl population
ation + rate0 6 0 6 ux
Administration Admissions Integrate
+
-
7.
Voltage Voltage06represent
06proportio ing
nal Volume actual06volume Actual
Desired to06desired volume
06erro
volume Volume
r Radio
volume + 06control06cir
Transducer cuit
-
Effective
volume
+
Voltage06pr
- oportional06
to06speed
Transducer
-
Speed
, 40 6 Chapter061:0 6 Introd
uction
8.
a.
Fluid06input
a
mplifier
+V
Differential Desired0 6
R level
-V
R
Float -V
Tank
Drain
b.
Flow06 Actual
voltage 06leve
Desired rate06
06in l
06level in
+
Potentiometer Amplifiers Actuator06a + Integrate
nd06 valve
-
-
Drain
Flow06r
ate06out
Displacement
voltage
06out
Potentiometer Float
Introduction
ANSWERS06TO06REVIEW06QUESTIONS
1. Guided06missiles,06automatic06gain06control06in06radio06receivers,06satellite06tracking06antenna
2. Yes06-06power06gain,06remote06control,06parameter06conversion;06No06-06Expense,06complexity
3. Motor,06low06pass06filter,06inertia06supported06between06two06bearings
4. Closed-
loop06systems06compensate06for06disturbances06by06measuring06the06response,06comparing06i
t06to06the06input06response06(the06desired06output),06and06then06correcting06the06output06resp
onse.
5. Under06the06condition06that06the06feedback06element06is06other06than06unity
6. Actuating06signal
7. Multiple06subsystems06can06time06share06the06controller.06Any06adjustments06to06the06co
ntroller06can06be06implemented06with06simply06software06changes.
8. Stability,06transient06response,06and06steady-state06error
9. Steady-state,06transient
10. It06follows06a06growing06transient06response06until06the06steady-
state06response06is06no06longer06visible.06The06system06will06either06destroy06itself,06reach06an
06equilibrium06state06because06of06saturation06in06driving06amplifiers,06or06hit06limit06stops.
11. Transient06response
12. True
13. Transfer06function,06state-space,06differential06equations
14. Transfer06function06-06the06Laplace06transform06of06the06differential06equation
State-space06-
06representation06of06an06nth06order06differential06equation06as06n06simultaneous06first-
order06differential06equations
Differential06equation06-06Modeling06a06system06with06its06differential06equation
SOLUTIONS06TO06PROBLEM
S 5006volts
=061.59
06506x062
1. Five06turns06yields065006v.06Theref
ore06K06= 06rad
,20 6 Chapter061:0 6 Introd
uction
2.
Desired0 Temperature Voltage0 Actual06temperat
Fuel06fl
6temperatur 06differenc 6differenc ure
ow
e e e
+ Amplifier06a
06 Thermostat Heater
nd06valv
- es
3.
Desired Input Error0 Aileron Roll Roll0
06roll 06volta 6voltag 06positi 06r 6angl
06ang ge e on ate e
le +
control
s -
4.
Input0
Speed
Desired 6voltag Actual
06Error Motor06
06spee e 06spe
06volta and06dr
d transducer Amplifier ed
+ ge ive
system
- Dancer
Dancer0
position06s
6dynamic
ensor
Voltage06p s
roportional
to06actual06speed
5.
Input Power Rod0
06volta 06Erro 6positio
Desired ge r06volt Motor0 n Actual
power age 6and0 06po
Transducer
+ Amplifier 6drive0 Reactor wer
6syste
-
m
Sensor06
&06transd
Voltage06p ucer
roportional
to06actual06power
, Solutions06to06Problems0
6 3
6.
Graduating0
6and
drop-
Desired out06rat
Actual0
Desired Population 06stud Actual e
6stude
ent Net06ra nt
te
student06popul error rate student - of06infl population
ation + rate0 6 0 6 ux
Administration Admissions Integrate
+
-
7.
Voltage Voltage06represent
06proportio ing
nal Volume actual06volume Actual
Desired to06desired volume
06erro
volume Volume
r Radio
volume + 06control06cir
Transducer cuit
-
Effective
volume
+
Voltage06pr
- oportional06
to06speed
Transducer
-
Speed
, 40 6 Chapter061:0 6 Introd
uction
8.
a.
Fluid06input
a
mplifier
+V
Differential Desired0 6
R level
-V
R
Float -V
Tank
Drain
b.
Flow06 Actual
voltage 06leve
Desired rate06
06in l
06level in
+
Potentiometer Amplifiers Actuator06a + Integrate
nd06 valve
-
-
Drain
Flow06r
ate06out
Displacement
voltage
06out
Potentiometer Float
