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1. PMH-APRN a nurse with graduate-level training who provides psy-
chiatric-mental health care and promotes mental health
across the lifespan
-assess, diagnose and treat individuals and families who
have psychiatric and/or substance disorders
-work in a variety of health care settings and practices and
are eligible for reimbursement through private insurers,
HMOs, PPOs, Medicare and Medicaid
2. ANA Code of ANA Standards and Scope: Standard 5B: Health Teaching
Ethics: anticipa- & Promotion
tory guidance -An educated professional nurse is aware of normal de-
competency velopmental and situational threats to wellness and can
educate healthcare consumers to avoid them.
• Example: Moving a toddler from a crib to a bed can
prevent injury associated with climbing out of the crib at
that developmental age.
3. ANA Code of caring and respect for human dignity
Ethics: the art of
nursing is based
on?
4. ANA Code of ANA Code of Ethics: Provision 1
Ethics: the fun- -"the nurse practices with compassion and respect for
damental princi- the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every
ple of and atti- person" (ANA, 2015b, p. 1).
tude that the pro-
fessional nurse
must have as out-
lined in Provision
1
5. ANA Code of ANA Code of Ethics: Provision 8
Ethics: How -Nurses must "bring attention to human rights violations in
should the nurse all settings and contexts. . . . The nursing profession must
respond to the respond when these violations are encountered" (ANA,
discovery of hu- 2015b, p. 33).
man trafficking in
, NR548 Exam 1
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his or her prac-
tice?
6. Dr. Edward the first organized training school within a hospital for the
Cowles created insane
in 1882
7. 1913, Effie Jane the first nurse-organized training course for psychiatric
Taylor developed nursing at Johns Hopkins Hospital
(before early psychiatric nurses were trained by physi-
cians)
8. Following WWI, "nursing in nervous and mental diseases" to curriculum
the National guides
League for Nurs-
ing Education
added:
9. In WWII, many standards of training for psychiatric nurses, which led to
potential military improved education and standards of care.
recruits deemed
unfit for service
due to
psychiatric
concerns, while
many veterans
experienced
combat-related
neuropsychi-
atric conditions.
Laura
Fitzsimmons
recommended:
10. National Men- -psychiatric nursing was recognized as one of the four
tal Health Act core disciplines in psychiatric care and treatment
(NMHA) of 1946 -The act increased funding for psychiatric nursing edu-
cation programs and contributed to a growth in universi-
ty-based nursing education.
, NR548 Exam 1
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11. 1954 -the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing was
established at Rutgers University by Hildegarde Peplau
• to prepare nurse therapists.
-The first advanced practice nursing role was the psy-
chiatric-mental health clinical nurse specialist (PMHCNS)
role.
12. The Communi- (1950s brought a transition towards deinstitutionalization
ty Mental Health in care for those with mental illnesses, which led to an
Centers Act of increase in the number of psychiatric clients receiving care
1963 in the community rather than hospitals)
-The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 al-
lowed for the expansion of the PMHCNS role into com-
munity and ambulatory settings as they helped those who
had been deinstitutionalized adapt
13. 1965 Loretta Ford, RN and Henry Silver MD introduce the nurse
practitioner role.
14. 1973 ANA first Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Practice
published:
15. 1980s states be- prescriptive authority to advanced practice registered
gan to grant: nurse (APRN), adding medication prescribing and man-
agement to the traditional therapy role of the psychiatric
mental health (PMH) APRN.
16. 2000s these ex- Certification exams for adult and family psychiatric mental
ams were devel- health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) developed.
oped: -These exams were retired in 2015 when psychiatric
certification exams were combined to a single Psychi-
atric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (Across the Lifes-
pan) Certification (PMHNP-BC).
17. The 21st Centu- -resulted in the creation of the U.S. Department of Health
ry Cures Act of and Human Services (HHS) Interdepartmental Serious
2016: Mental Illness Coordinating Committee (ISMICC)
-group is charged with compiling a summary of advances
in serious mental illness (SMI) and serious emotional
disturbance (SED) research, evaluating federal programs