Test,Bank,for,Philosophies,and,Theories,for,Advanced,Nursi
ng,Practice,3rd,Edition
Janie,B.,Butts,and,Karen,L.,Rich
Chapter,1,–,Philosophy,of,Science:,An,Introduction
1.,Why,are,natural,sciences,also,referred,to,as,“pure”,sciences?
A. They,are,considered,stand-alone,bodies,of,unique,knowledge.
B. They,are,the,only,sciences,to,which,the,scientific,method,can,be,applied.
C. They,are,the,original,sciences,upon,which,all,others,are,based.
D. They,are,not,affected,by,subjectivity,in,the,way,other,sciences,are.
Ans:,A
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,2.,Which,is,not,an,example,of,an,applied,science,as,used,in,health,care,today?
A. Social,work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination,of,care,disparities
D. Pathology
Ans:,D
3.,Roberta,firmly,believes,that,individual,experiences,are,the,source,of,all,knowledge,in,the,w
orld.,As,a,scientist,,she,acknowledges,her,role,as,a,participant,in,the,experiments,she,perfor
ms,and,does,consider,herself,merely,a,disconnected,observer,of,phenomenon.,Roberta’s,vie
ws,are,most,closTeElySrTefBleActNivKeSoEf,wLhLiEchRs.chCoOoMl,of,scientific,thou
ght?
A. Natural,Science
B. Human,Science
C. Applied,Science
D. Soft,Science
Ans:,B
4.,What,is,the,ultimate,goal,of,the,scientific,method?
A. Application,of,scientific,results,to,a,related,body,of,knowledge,in,order,to,meet,som
e,type,of,human,need.
B. Examination,of,the,decisions,made,by,a,scientist,to,understand,the,ways,in,which,su
bjectivity,was,introduced,to,the,experiment.
C. Reproducible,experimental,results,that,do,not,take,researcher,individuality,into,acc
ount.,D.,Improving,the,situation,or,process,used,in,the,experiment,to,yield,more,accurate,re
sults,in,repeat,experiments.
Ans:,C
5.,Which,of,the,following,best,describes,the,aim,of,natural,sciences?
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, A. Affirmation,of,the,importance,of,cultural,understanding,by,uncovering,the,common
,subjective,biases,of,different,disciplines.
B. Improvement,of,the,quality,of,life,by,understanding,what,helps,people,maximize,th
eir,functional,abilities.
C. Utilization,of,knowledge,by,applying,it,to,a,specific,purpose,in,order,to,better,a,situa
tion,or,change,viewpoints.
D. Development,of,knowledge,for,the,sake,of,developing,knowledge,,discovering,truth
,,and,controlling,outcomes.
Ans:,D
6.,Gretchen,and,Peter,are,graduate,students,in,the,same,Physics,lab.,Their,supervisor,has,a
sked,both,of,them,to,perform,the,same,experiment,using,the,same,procedure,and,equipm
ent.,After,they’ve,both,completed,their,task,,the,compare,their,results,and,discover,that,th
ey,are,nearly,identical.,,Which,of,the,five,criteria,for,science,does,
Gretchen,and
Peter’s,discovery,exemplify?
A. Intersubjective,testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness,and,precision
D. Coherence
Ans:,A
7.,Which,statement,does,not,describe,a,general,characteristic,of,philosophy?
A. Thinking,for,the,sake,of,thinking.
B. Utilization,of,process,and,outcome.
C. Demarcation,of,wholeness,and,holism.
D. Application,of,epistemology,and,ontology.
Ans:,C
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, 8.,Repetitive,patterns,of,behavior,dictated,by,past,experiences,is,an,example,of,which,source,
of,knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common,sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans:,C
9.,Francisco,is,a,chemist,who,rigidly,applies,the,scientific,method,to,all,that,he,does,,whethe
r,in,the,lab,or,out,of,it,,and,strongly,believes,that,all,relationships,are,governed,by,cause,and,
effect.,He,sees,little,need,for,subjectivity,in,any,area,of,his,life,,believing,instead,that,the,wor
ld,is,an,external,concept,completely,independent,of,individual,thoughts,or,desires.,Which,p
hilosophical,school,best,describes,Francisco’s,outlook,on,the,world?
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical,positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans:,B
10.,Which,statement,would,an,adherent,of,the,perceived,view,most,likely,make?
A. “Observation,is,completely,unbiased.”
B. “Descriptive,law,is,the,gold,standard,of,science.”
C. “Individual,phenomenon,make,up,the,whole,that,is,the,universe.”
D. “Theories,are,neither,right,nor,wrong.”
Ans:,D
11.,Which,philosophy,subscribes,to,the,idea,that,the,universe,is,a,whole,made,of,interrelated
,parts?
A. Logical,positivism
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ng,Practice,3rd,Edition
Janie,B.,Butts,and,Karen,L.,Rich
Chapter,1,–,Philosophy,of,Science:,An,Introduction
1.,Why,are,natural,sciences,also,referred,to,as,“pure”,sciences?
A. They,are,considered,stand-alone,bodies,of,unique,knowledge.
B. They,are,the,only,sciences,to,which,the,scientific,method,can,be,applied.
C. They,are,the,original,sciences,upon,which,all,others,are,based.
D. They,are,not,affected,by,subjectivity,in,the,way,other,sciences,are.
Ans:,A
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,2.,Which,is,not,an,example,of,an,applied,science,as,used,in,health,care,today?
A. Social,work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination,of,care,disparities
D. Pathology
Ans:,D
3.,Roberta,firmly,believes,that,individual,experiences,are,the,source,of,all,knowledge,in,the,w
orld.,As,a,scientist,,she,acknowledges,her,role,as,a,participant,in,the,experiments,she,perfor
ms,and,does,consider,herself,merely,a,disconnected,observer,of,phenomenon.,Roberta’s,vie
ws,are,most,closTeElySrTefBleActNivKeSoEf,wLhLiEchRs.chCoOoMl,of,scientific,thou
ght?
A. Natural,Science
B. Human,Science
C. Applied,Science
D. Soft,Science
Ans:,B
4.,What,is,the,ultimate,goal,of,the,scientific,method?
A. Application,of,scientific,results,to,a,related,body,of,knowledge,in,order,to,meet,som
e,type,of,human,need.
B. Examination,of,the,decisions,made,by,a,scientist,to,understand,the,ways,in,which,su
bjectivity,was,introduced,to,the,experiment.
C. Reproducible,experimental,results,that,do,not,take,researcher,individuality,into,acc
ount.,D.,Improving,the,situation,or,process,used,in,the,experiment,to,yield,more,accurate,re
sults,in,repeat,experiments.
Ans:,C
5.,Which,of,the,following,best,describes,the,aim,of,natural,sciences?
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, A. Affirmation,of,the,importance,of,cultural,understanding,by,uncovering,the,common
,subjective,biases,of,different,disciplines.
B. Improvement,of,the,quality,of,life,by,understanding,what,helps,people,maximize,th
eir,functional,abilities.
C. Utilization,of,knowledge,by,applying,it,to,a,specific,purpose,in,order,to,better,a,situa
tion,or,change,viewpoints.
D. Development,of,knowledge,for,the,sake,of,developing,knowledge,,discovering,truth
,,and,controlling,outcomes.
Ans:,D
6.,Gretchen,and,Peter,are,graduate,students,in,the,same,Physics,lab.,Their,supervisor,has,a
sked,both,of,them,to,perform,the,same,experiment,using,the,same,procedure,and,equipm
ent.,After,they’ve,both,completed,their,task,,the,compare,their,results,and,discover,that,th
ey,are,nearly,identical.,,Which,of,the,five,criteria,for,science,does,
Gretchen,and
Peter’s,discovery,exemplify?
A. Intersubjective,testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness,and,precision
D. Coherence
Ans:,A
7.,Which,statement,does,not,describe,a,general,characteristic,of,philosophy?
A. Thinking,for,the,sake,of,thinking.
B. Utilization,of,process,and,outcome.
C. Demarcation,of,wholeness,and,holism.
D. Application,of,epistemology,and,ontology.
Ans:,C
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, 8.,Repetitive,patterns,of,behavior,dictated,by,past,experiences,is,an,example,of,which,source,
of,knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common,sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans:,C
9.,Francisco,is,a,chemist,who,rigidly,applies,the,scientific,method,to,all,that,he,does,,whethe
r,in,the,lab,or,out,of,it,,and,strongly,believes,that,all,relationships,are,governed,by,cause,and,
effect.,He,sees,little,need,for,subjectivity,in,any,area,of,his,life,,believing,instead,that,the,wor
ld,is,an,external,concept,completely,independent,of,individual,thoughts,or,desires.,Which,p
hilosophical,school,best,describes,Francisco’s,outlook,on,the,world?
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical,positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans:,B
10.,Which,statement,would,an,adherent,of,the,perceived,view,most,likely,make?
A. “Observation,is,completely,unbiased.”
B. “Descriptive,law,is,the,gold,standard,of,science.”
C. “Individual,phenomenon,make,up,the,whole,that,is,the,universe.”
D. “Theories,are,neither,right,nor,wrong.”
Ans:,D
11.,Which,philosophy,subscribes,to,the,idea,that,the,universe,is,a,whole,made,of,interrelated
,parts?
A. Logical,positivism
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