HISET SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE
inductive reasoning - Answers- drawing a general conclusion from a limited set of
specific observations
Deductive reasoning - Answers- reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating
a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises
every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)
Experimental design - Answers- A design in which researchers manipulate an
independent variable and measure a dependent variable to determine a cause-and-
effect relationship
Independent variable - Answers- condition or factor that is manipulated by a scientist
during an experiment
Dependent variable - Answers- Gets measured during an experiment
Treatment group - Answers- This is the group that receives treatment in an experiment.
It is the item or subject in an experiment that the researcher manipulates.
Control group - Answers- in an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment;
contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the
effect of the treatment
Constants - Answers- the factors in an experiment that remain the same
Barometer - Answers- measures air pressure
Stopwatch - Answers- used to measure time
Graduated cylinder - Answers- used to measure the volume of a liquid
Ruler - Answers- tool used to measure length
Thermometer - Answers- An instrument used to measure temperature
Triple balance beam - Answers- instrument used to measure mass in grams
Kilogram - Answers- Which SI unit of mass is equal to 1,000?
Hectogram - Answers- Which SI unit of mass is equal to 100?
Decimeter - Answers- Which SI unit of mass is equal to a 0.1?
Centimeter - Answers- Which SI unit of mass is equal to 0.01?
, Millimeter - Answers- Which SI unit of mass is equal to 0.001?
Empirical evidence - Answers- evidence that comes from direct experience,
scientifically gathered data, or experimentation
Correlations - Answers- observed associations between two variables
Positive correlation - Answers- A correlation where as one variable increases, the other
also increases, or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the
same direction.
Negative correlation - Answers- the relationship between two variables in which one
variable increases as the other variable decreases
No correlation - Answers- there does not appear to be a relationship between two sets
of data
Atoms - Answers- smallest unit of matter
Nucleus - Answers- Dense center of an atom
Proton and neutrons - Answers- What is the nucleus made up of?
Electron - Answers- A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Electron cloud - Answers- electrons move within an area around the nucleus
Number of protons is equal to the number of electrons - Answers- An atom is neutral
if...
Quantum Mechanical Model - Answers- the modern description of the behavior of
electrons in atoms
Atomic number - Answers- the number of protons in a single atom of an element
Average atomic mass - Answers- weighted average of the atomic masses for the
isotopes of an element
Chemical symbol - Answers- A one or two letter representation of an element
Mass numbers - Answers- the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of
an atom
adding the number of protons and neutrons - Answers- mass numbers can be
determined by...?
inductive reasoning - Answers- drawing a general conclusion from a limited set of
specific observations
Deductive reasoning - Answers- reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating
a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises
every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)
Experimental design - Answers- A design in which researchers manipulate an
independent variable and measure a dependent variable to determine a cause-and-
effect relationship
Independent variable - Answers- condition or factor that is manipulated by a scientist
during an experiment
Dependent variable - Answers- Gets measured during an experiment
Treatment group - Answers- This is the group that receives treatment in an experiment.
It is the item or subject in an experiment that the researcher manipulates.
Control group - Answers- in an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment;
contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the
effect of the treatment
Constants - Answers- the factors in an experiment that remain the same
Barometer - Answers- measures air pressure
Stopwatch - Answers- used to measure time
Graduated cylinder - Answers- used to measure the volume of a liquid
Ruler - Answers- tool used to measure length
Thermometer - Answers- An instrument used to measure temperature
Triple balance beam - Answers- instrument used to measure mass in grams
Kilogram - Answers- Which SI unit of mass is equal to 1,000?
Hectogram - Answers- Which SI unit of mass is equal to 100?
Decimeter - Answers- Which SI unit of mass is equal to a 0.1?
Centimeter - Answers- Which SI unit of mass is equal to 0.01?
, Millimeter - Answers- Which SI unit of mass is equal to 0.001?
Empirical evidence - Answers- evidence that comes from direct experience,
scientifically gathered data, or experimentation
Correlations - Answers- observed associations between two variables
Positive correlation - Answers- A correlation where as one variable increases, the other
also increases, or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the
same direction.
Negative correlation - Answers- the relationship between two variables in which one
variable increases as the other variable decreases
No correlation - Answers- there does not appear to be a relationship between two sets
of data
Atoms - Answers- smallest unit of matter
Nucleus - Answers- Dense center of an atom
Proton and neutrons - Answers- What is the nucleus made up of?
Electron - Answers- A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Electron cloud - Answers- electrons move within an area around the nucleus
Number of protons is equal to the number of electrons - Answers- An atom is neutral
if...
Quantum Mechanical Model - Answers- the modern description of the behavior of
electrons in atoms
Atomic number - Answers- the number of protons in a single atom of an element
Average atomic mass - Answers- weighted average of the atomic masses for the
isotopes of an element
Chemical symbol - Answers- A one or two letter representation of an element
Mass numbers - Answers- the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of
an atom
adding the number of protons and neutrons - Answers- mass numbers can be
determined by...?
