TEAS 7 Science
levels of organization in the body -
atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
4 types of tissue and functions -
Epithelial - covers body surface and lines internal organs
Connective - support and protection
Nervous - sends and receives information about stimuli
Muscle - movement
Subtypes of muscle tissue -
Skeletal: voluntary movement, usually attached to the skeleton
Cardiac: only covers walls of the heart
Smooth: usually covers walls of internal organs
subtypes of nervous tissue -
Neuron: send and receive messages
Neuroglia: support neurons
simple vs stratified epithelial tissue -
Simple: single layer of cells
Stratified: more than one layer of cells
Visceral -
pertaining to the internal organs
Somatic -
pertaining to the body
Anterior vs. Posterior -
Anterior (front), posterior (back)
Ventral vs. Dorsal -
Ventral (front) and Dorsal (back)
Medial vs. Lateral -
Medial (toward the midline) Lateral (away from the midline)
Superior vs. Inferior -
Superior (above) Inferior (below)
proximal vs distal -
Proximal (closer to trunk) distal (away from trunk)
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,Superficial vs. Deep -
Superficial (Closer to surface), Deep (Farther from surface)
sagittal plane (median plane) -
divides body into left and right
coronal plane (frontal plane) -
divides body into front and back
transverse plane (horizontal plane) -
divides the body into upper and lower portions
artery vs vein -
Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the heart.
capillary -
A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body
cells, connect arteries and veins
Arteries -
Carry blood away from the heart, usually oxygenated
Veins -
carry blood to the heart (deoxygenated)
Nucleus -
Largest part of the cell, contains the DNA
Cell membrane (plasma membrane) -
separates the cell from its external environment
phospholipid bilayer -
A double layer of phospholipids, the hydrophilic heads point outward facing the
inside of the cell and outside of the cell, the hydrophobic tails face inward forming a
hydrophobic section
selective permeability -
A property of a plasma membrane that allows some substances to cross more easily
than others. Hydrophobic molecules can diffuse through the phospholipid by layer whereas
hydrophilic molecules require the use of a channel
Parts of a phospholipid -
hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
protein channels -
Provide passage through the lipid bilayer, transport polar (hydrophilic) molecules
through the hydrophobic interior of the phospholipid bilayer
amphipathic molecules -
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, have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
How do oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the cell membrane? -
diffusion, because they are hydrophobic non polar molecules
How do sugars and ions cross the cell membrane? -
Protein channels, because they are polar, hydrophilic molecules
Where is ATP produced? -
mitochondria
mitocondria function -
the powerhouse of the cell help produce the energy needed to live, ATP
Ribosome -
site of protein synthesis (mRNA to protein)
Eukaryotic cells -
Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.
prokaryotic cell -
cell that does not have a nucleus or other organelles. They are unicellular and fall
under two categories, bacteria and archaea. They do have genetic material not stored in a
nucleus but rather a nucleoid that floats in the cells cytoplasm
Lysosomes -
An organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down excess or worn down
cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria
Cytoskeleton -
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and
aids in movement. Contains microfilaments and microtubules
Flagella -
whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement, also found in
Sperm cells, the only human cell with a flagella
posterior pituitary hormones -
ADH (antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin) and oxytocin. ADH causes
the kidneys to release less water, causing less urine to be produced. Oxytocin is used to
stimulate uterus contractions and milk ejection
anterior pituitary hormones -
Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
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levels of organization in the body -
atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
4 types of tissue and functions -
Epithelial - covers body surface and lines internal organs
Connective - support and protection
Nervous - sends and receives information about stimuli
Muscle - movement
Subtypes of muscle tissue -
Skeletal: voluntary movement, usually attached to the skeleton
Cardiac: only covers walls of the heart
Smooth: usually covers walls of internal organs
subtypes of nervous tissue -
Neuron: send and receive messages
Neuroglia: support neurons
simple vs stratified epithelial tissue -
Simple: single layer of cells
Stratified: more than one layer of cells
Visceral -
pertaining to the internal organs
Somatic -
pertaining to the body
Anterior vs. Posterior -
Anterior (front), posterior (back)
Ventral vs. Dorsal -
Ventral (front) and Dorsal (back)
Medial vs. Lateral -
Medial (toward the midline) Lateral (away from the midline)
Superior vs. Inferior -
Superior (above) Inferior (below)
proximal vs distal -
Proximal (closer to trunk) distal (away from trunk)
1|Page
,Superficial vs. Deep -
Superficial (Closer to surface), Deep (Farther from surface)
sagittal plane (median plane) -
divides body into left and right
coronal plane (frontal plane) -
divides body into front and back
transverse plane (horizontal plane) -
divides the body into upper and lower portions
artery vs vein -
Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the heart.
capillary -
A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body
cells, connect arteries and veins
Arteries -
Carry blood away from the heart, usually oxygenated
Veins -
carry blood to the heart (deoxygenated)
Nucleus -
Largest part of the cell, contains the DNA
Cell membrane (plasma membrane) -
separates the cell from its external environment
phospholipid bilayer -
A double layer of phospholipids, the hydrophilic heads point outward facing the
inside of the cell and outside of the cell, the hydrophobic tails face inward forming a
hydrophobic section
selective permeability -
A property of a plasma membrane that allows some substances to cross more easily
than others. Hydrophobic molecules can diffuse through the phospholipid by layer whereas
hydrophilic molecules require the use of a channel
Parts of a phospholipid -
hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
protein channels -
Provide passage through the lipid bilayer, transport polar (hydrophilic) molecules
through the hydrophobic interior of the phospholipid bilayer
amphipathic molecules -
2|Page
, have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
How do oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the cell membrane? -
diffusion, because they are hydrophobic non polar molecules
How do sugars and ions cross the cell membrane? -
Protein channels, because they are polar, hydrophilic molecules
Where is ATP produced? -
mitochondria
mitocondria function -
the powerhouse of the cell help produce the energy needed to live, ATP
Ribosome -
site of protein synthesis (mRNA to protein)
Eukaryotic cells -
Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.
prokaryotic cell -
cell that does not have a nucleus or other organelles. They are unicellular and fall
under two categories, bacteria and archaea. They do have genetic material not stored in a
nucleus but rather a nucleoid that floats in the cells cytoplasm
Lysosomes -
An organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down excess or worn down
cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria
Cytoskeleton -
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and
aids in movement. Contains microfilaments and microtubules
Flagella -
whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement, also found in
Sperm cells, the only human cell with a flagella
posterior pituitary hormones -
ADH (antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin) and oxytocin. ADH causes
the kidneys to release less water, causing less urine to be produced. Oxytocin is used to
stimulate uterus contractions and milk ejection
anterior pituitary hormones -
Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
3|Page
