NUR2571 Exam 2 Study Guide
Ventilation – physical movement of air in and out of the lungs.
Perfusion – movement of gases between alveoli.
Dead space
o Smoking, PE, PNA, ARDS.
IGGY Ch. 29
Sleep apnea(CV EVENTS)
Obstructive
o Overweight patientsoccur because of obstruction in the airway.
Central
o Respiratory drive is affected by neurological or medications affects
Complications of sleep apnea
o Heart attack, stroke, arrythmia.
Diagnosing
o Sleep study
Treatment
o Bipap, Cpap.
Do not restrain and caution food and fluids.
Upper airway obstruction
Causes
o Tongue edema, abscess, cancer, etc.
Do not interfere with gagging, only intervene when patient is choking.
Lower respiratory disorders
Asthma
o Inflammatory
, Airway obstruction r/t inflammation
o Generalized chest pain/tightness.
o Diagnosed with pulmonary function tests and ABGs.
o PG 566 and 569 in IGGY (know LABAs and SABAs.)
Know how to educate your patient for asthma related medications.
o MDIs, DPIs, LABAs, SABAs.
NO LUNG SOUNDS = CRITICAL SPACE = DEATH.
Status Asthmaticus
o Medical emergency; prepare to intubate if sudden absence of wheezing occurs.
o Pneumothorax, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest.
COPD
Emphysema + chronic bronchitis
CO2 retainers; think respiratory acidosis.
o hypercapnia
Wheezes not crackles. Crackles occur with fluid in the lungs.
Exhaling too much carbon dioxide will cause breathing to speed up.
Inhaling too much oxygen will cause breathing to slow, allowing oxygen levels to fall to
normal levels.
BE CAUTIOUS OF O2 THERAPY WITH COPD PATIENTS – REASSESS GCS IF
PATIENT BECOMES DROWSY.
o 89%-92% if healthy for a COPD patient.
COPD – Cor Pulmonale
Right sided heart failure as it related to respiratory disease.
Signs and symptoms
o Peripheral edema
o SOB
Education on pursed lip breathing and/or abdominal breathing.
o Take frequent rest periods
o Avoid working with arms raised.
Ventilation – physical movement of air in and out of the lungs.
Perfusion – movement of gases between alveoli.
Dead space
o Smoking, PE, PNA, ARDS.
IGGY Ch. 29
Sleep apnea(CV EVENTS)
Obstructive
o Overweight patientsoccur because of obstruction in the airway.
Central
o Respiratory drive is affected by neurological or medications affects
Complications of sleep apnea
o Heart attack, stroke, arrythmia.
Diagnosing
o Sleep study
Treatment
o Bipap, Cpap.
Do not restrain and caution food and fluids.
Upper airway obstruction
Causes
o Tongue edema, abscess, cancer, etc.
Do not interfere with gagging, only intervene when patient is choking.
Lower respiratory disorders
Asthma
o Inflammatory
, Airway obstruction r/t inflammation
o Generalized chest pain/tightness.
o Diagnosed with pulmonary function tests and ABGs.
o PG 566 and 569 in IGGY (know LABAs and SABAs.)
Know how to educate your patient for asthma related medications.
o MDIs, DPIs, LABAs, SABAs.
NO LUNG SOUNDS = CRITICAL SPACE = DEATH.
Status Asthmaticus
o Medical emergency; prepare to intubate if sudden absence of wheezing occurs.
o Pneumothorax, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest.
COPD
Emphysema + chronic bronchitis
CO2 retainers; think respiratory acidosis.
o hypercapnia
Wheezes not crackles. Crackles occur with fluid in the lungs.
Exhaling too much carbon dioxide will cause breathing to speed up.
Inhaling too much oxygen will cause breathing to slow, allowing oxygen levels to fall to
normal levels.
BE CAUTIOUS OF O2 THERAPY WITH COPD PATIENTS – REASSESS GCS IF
PATIENT BECOMES DROWSY.
o 89%-92% if healthy for a COPD patient.
COPD – Cor Pulmonale
Right sided heart failure as it related to respiratory disease.
Signs and symptoms
o Peripheral edema
o SOB
Education on pursed lip breathing and/or abdominal breathing.
o Take frequent rest periods
o Avoid working with arms raised.
