Understanding Pharmacology: Essentials for Medication Safe
Chapter 8 Anti-Infectives: Antibacterial Drugs
1. Antibiotic Resistance: The ability of a bacterium to resist the effects of
antibacterials
2. Bactericidal: A drug that reduces the number of bacteria by killing them
directly
3. Bacteriostatic: A drug that reduces the number of bacteria by preventing them
from dividing and growing rather than directly killing them
4. Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors: A class of antibacterial drugs that kills
susceptible bacteria by preventing them from forming strong, protective cell
walls
5. Drug Generation: Stage of drug development in which later generations are
changed slightly to improve their effectiveness or means of administration
6. Fluoroquinolones: A group of drugs from the DNA synthesis inhibitor class
tha tenter bacterial cells and prevent bacteria reproduction by suppressing the
action of two enzymes important in making bacterial DNA
7. Metabolism inhibitors: A class of antibacterial drugs that interfere with
bacterial reproduction by preventing the bacteria from making folic acid
8. Protein Synthesis Inhibitors: A large class of antibacterial drugs that
includes aminoglycosides, macrolides, and tetracyclines, which prevent
bacteria from making proteins important to their life cycles and infective
processes
9. Spectrum of efficacy: A measure of how many different types of bacteria a
drug can kill or prevent from growing
10. Susceptible Organisms: Bacteria or other organisms that either can be killed
by or have their reproduction reduced by an antibacterial drug
11. Virulence: The measure of how well bacteria can invade and spread despite a
normal immune response.
12. Review of Related Physiologic And Pathophysiology pg 114
_________ bacteria coexist with us, causing no systemic disease or
tissue damage and are considered normal flora: Nonpathogenic
13. Review of Related Physiologic And Pathophysiology pg 114
_____ _____ are the nonpathogenic bacteria that we always have on skin,
mucous membranes and in the digestive tract.: Normal Flora
,14. Review of Related Physiologic And Pathophysiology pg 114
________ bacteria cause disease and tissue damage only in someone whose
immune system is not working well.: Opportunistic
15. Bacterial features pg 115
The _______ of bacteria is a measure of how well they can invade and spread
despite a normal immune response.: Virulence
16 Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Drugs pg 115
Some antibacterial drugs are _______, which means that they can kill bacteria
directly.: Bactericidal
17. Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Drugs pg 115
Other antibacterial drugs are _________, which means that they prevent
bacteria from reproducing until the body's own white blood cells and
antibodies get rid of the,: Bacteriostatic
18. Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Drugs pg 115
If a person's immune system is not working well, he or she would benefit from
a _______ drug and not a _______ drug.: Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
19. Memory Jogger pg 115
_________ bacteria are those that can cause damage or tissue disease
________ bacteria do not cause disease or damage unless they overgrow or
are present in a susceptible body area
_________ bacteria cause disease or tissue damage only when the immune
system is impaired: Pathogenic
Non Pathogenic
Opportunistic
20. Memory Jogger pg 115
________ drugs directly kill bacteria
_________ drugs stop them from reproducing while the immune system kills
the bacteria: Bactericidal
,Bacteriosttic
21. Spectrum Of Efficacy pg 116
Antibacterial drugs are sometimes described by their _____ _____ ______,
which is a measure of how many different types of bacteria the drug can kill
or prevent from growing.: Spectrum of Efficacy
22. Spectrum Of Efficacy pg 116
A _______-spectrum antibacterial drug is effective against only a few types of
bacteria: Narrow
23 Spectrum Of Efficacy pg 116
An ________-spectrum antibacterial drug is effective against more types of
bacteria.: Extended
24. Spectrum Of Efficacy pg 116
A _________-spectrum antibacterial drug is effective against a wide range of
bacteria, both gram-positive and gram-negative: Broad
25. Spectrum Of Efficacy pg 116
What is the most common method to identify bacteria?: Culture and Sensitivity
(C&S)
26. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 116
Side effects common to all antibacterial drugs include:: INtestinal disturbances
that can range from an increase in the number of bowel movements to severe
diarrhea.
27. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 116
Another side effect resulting from the loss of normal flora in the mouth and
vagina are ______ infections.: Yeast
28. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 116
Yeast infections in the mount is known as ________. _______ makes food
taste bad and can cause gum disease.: Thrush
29. Memory Jogger pg 116
, The goal of antibacterial therapy is to:: Kill bacteria or prevent their
reproduction without harming the patient
30. Memory Jogger pg 116
When normal flora are killed by antibiotic therapy, common problems the
patient may develop:: Diarrhea and the overgrowth of yeast in the mouth and
vagina
31. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
_______ _______ is a complication of antibacterial therapy that causes severe
inflammation in area of the colon (large intestine): Pseudomembranous colitis
32 General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
Other names for Pseudomembranous colitis include:: Antibiotic-associated
colitis
Necrotizing colitis
33. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
BEfore giving any antibacterial drug:: Ask the patient if he or she has any drug
allergies. Notify the prescriber if the patient has an allergy to the drug. If he or she
does have an allergy to a drug and is to receive it anyway, check with the prescriber
about first giving the patient diphenhydramine and epinephrine to reduce any
serious reaction. Place the emergency cart closest to the door of the patient's room.
34. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
Why should you check the patient's WBCs before antibacterial therapy?:
Antibacterial drugs often suppress the growth of WBCs
35. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
After giving an antibacterial drug:: Ask the patient about the number of BMs
and their character. Although all antibacterial drugs change the normal flora of the
intestines and can cause diarrhea, this symptom is also a sign of the more serious
pseudomembranous colitis.
36. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
When giving the first IV dose of an antibacterial drug, check the patient every
Chapter 8 Anti-Infectives: Antibacterial Drugs
1. Antibiotic Resistance: The ability of a bacterium to resist the effects of
antibacterials
2. Bactericidal: A drug that reduces the number of bacteria by killing them
directly
3. Bacteriostatic: A drug that reduces the number of bacteria by preventing them
from dividing and growing rather than directly killing them
4. Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors: A class of antibacterial drugs that kills
susceptible bacteria by preventing them from forming strong, protective cell
walls
5. Drug Generation: Stage of drug development in which later generations are
changed slightly to improve their effectiveness or means of administration
6. Fluoroquinolones: A group of drugs from the DNA synthesis inhibitor class
tha tenter bacterial cells and prevent bacteria reproduction by suppressing the
action of two enzymes important in making bacterial DNA
7. Metabolism inhibitors: A class of antibacterial drugs that interfere with
bacterial reproduction by preventing the bacteria from making folic acid
8. Protein Synthesis Inhibitors: A large class of antibacterial drugs that
includes aminoglycosides, macrolides, and tetracyclines, which prevent
bacteria from making proteins important to their life cycles and infective
processes
9. Spectrum of efficacy: A measure of how many different types of bacteria a
drug can kill or prevent from growing
10. Susceptible Organisms: Bacteria or other organisms that either can be killed
by or have their reproduction reduced by an antibacterial drug
11. Virulence: The measure of how well bacteria can invade and spread despite a
normal immune response.
12. Review of Related Physiologic And Pathophysiology pg 114
_________ bacteria coexist with us, causing no systemic disease or
tissue damage and are considered normal flora: Nonpathogenic
13. Review of Related Physiologic And Pathophysiology pg 114
_____ _____ are the nonpathogenic bacteria that we always have on skin,
mucous membranes and in the digestive tract.: Normal Flora
,14. Review of Related Physiologic And Pathophysiology pg 114
________ bacteria cause disease and tissue damage only in someone whose
immune system is not working well.: Opportunistic
15. Bacterial features pg 115
The _______ of bacteria is a measure of how well they can invade and spread
despite a normal immune response.: Virulence
16 Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Drugs pg 115
Some antibacterial drugs are _______, which means that they can kill bacteria
directly.: Bactericidal
17. Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Drugs pg 115
Other antibacterial drugs are _________, which means that they prevent
bacteria from reproducing until the body's own white blood cells and
antibodies get rid of the,: Bacteriostatic
18. Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Drugs pg 115
If a person's immune system is not working well, he or she would benefit from
a _______ drug and not a _______ drug.: Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
19. Memory Jogger pg 115
_________ bacteria are those that can cause damage or tissue disease
________ bacteria do not cause disease or damage unless they overgrow or
are present in a susceptible body area
_________ bacteria cause disease or tissue damage only when the immune
system is impaired: Pathogenic
Non Pathogenic
Opportunistic
20. Memory Jogger pg 115
________ drugs directly kill bacteria
_________ drugs stop them from reproducing while the immune system kills
the bacteria: Bactericidal
,Bacteriosttic
21. Spectrum Of Efficacy pg 116
Antibacterial drugs are sometimes described by their _____ _____ ______,
which is a measure of how many different types of bacteria the drug can kill
or prevent from growing.: Spectrum of Efficacy
22. Spectrum Of Efficacy pg 116
A _______-spectrum antibacterial drug is effective against only a few types of
bacteria: Narrow
23 Spectrum Of Efficacy pg 116
An ________-spectrum antibacterial drug is effective against more types of
bacteria.: Extended
24. Spectrum Of Efficacy pg 116
A _________-spectrum antibacterial drug is effective against a wide range of
bacteria, both gram-positive and gram-negative: Broad
25. Spectrum Of Efficacy pg 116
What is the most common method to identify bacteria?: Culture and Sensitivity
(C&S)
26. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 116
Side effects common to all antibacterial drugs include:: INtestinal disturbances
that can range from an increase in the number of bowel movements to severe
diarrhea.
27. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 116
Another side effect resulting from the loss of normal flora in the mouth and
vagina are ______ infections.: Yeast
28. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 116
Yeast infections in the mount is known as ________. _______ makes food
taste bad and can cause gum disease.: Thrush
29. Memory Jogger pg 116
, The goal of antibacterial therapy is to:: Kill bacteria or prevent their
reproduction without harming the patient
30. Memory Jogger pg 116
When normal flora are killed by antibiotic therapy, common problems the
patient may develop:: Diarrhea and the overgrowth of yeast in the mouth and
vagina
31. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
_______ _______ is a complication of antibacterial therapy that causes severe
inflammation in area of the colon (large intestine): Pseudomembranous colitis
32 General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
Other names for Pseudomembranous colitis include:: Antibiotic-associated
colitis
Necrotizing colitis
33. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
BEfore giving any antibacterial drug:: Ask the patient if he or she has any drug
allergies. Notify the prescriber if the patient has an allergy to the drug. If he or she
does have an allergy to a drug and is to receive it anyway, check with the prescriber
about first giving the patient diphenhydramine and epinephrine to reduce any
serious reaction. Place the emergency cart closest to the door of the patient's room.
34. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
Why should you check the patient's WBCs before antibacterial therapy?:
Antibacterial drugs often suppress the growth of WBCs
35. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
After giving an antibacterial drug:: Ask the patient about the number of BMs
and their character. Although all antibacterial drugs change the normal flora of the
intestines and can cause diarrhea, this symptom is also a sign of the more serious
pseudomembranous colitis.
36. General Issues in Antibacterial Therapy pg 117
When giving the first IV dose of an antibacterial drug, check the patient every
