Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Questions With Complete Solutions

Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Questions With
Complete Solutions.

Treatment,,of,,choice,,for,,oral,,therapy,,of,,UTI's,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
TMP/SMZ,,for,,3,,days;,,Nitrofurantoin,,for,,5,,days



Second,,line,,drugs,,for,,UTI,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-Ciprofloxacin,,and,,levofloxacin,,for,,3,,days



Nitrofurantoin,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-Urinary,,tract,,antiseptic



Nitrofurantoin,,uses,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Lower,,UTI's;,,prophylaxis;,,recurrent,,lower,,UTI's.,,(not,,absorbed,,systemically:,,cannot,,be,,u
sed,,for,,anything,,in,,the,,kidneys)



Nitrofurantoin,,adverse,,effects,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
GI,,effects;,,pulmonary,,reactions;,,hematologic,,effects;,,peripheral,,neuropathy,,(demyelinatio
n,,and,,nerve,,degeneration,,can,,occur,,and,,may,,be,,irreversible);,,hepatotoxicity;,,birth,,defect
s



Methenamine,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Decomposes,,to,,formaldehyde,,and,,ammonia;,,used,,for,,chronic,,lower,,UTI's;,,contraindicate
d,,in,,renal,,and,,liver,,failure;,,drug,,interactions,,-
,,urinary,,alkalinizers,,,which,,reduce,,effects,,,sulfonamides,,pose,,risk,,for,,crystalluria




Acute,,cystitis,,treatment,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-Single,,dose,,therapy:,,fosfomycin;,,short-
course,,therapy:,,TMP/SMZ,,for,,3,,days;,,conventional,,therapy:,,nitrofurantoin,,for,,7,,days



Acute,,uncomplicated,,pyelonephritis,,treatment,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
First,,line:,,TMP/SMZ,,,ciprofloxacin,,,and,,levofloxacin,,for,,10-
14,,days;,,second,,line:,,augmentin,,,cephalexin

,Complicated,,UTI,,treatment,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-TMP/SMZ,,for,,7-
14,,days,,,ciprofloxacin,,for,,7-14,,days,,,levofloxacin,,for,,5-14,,days,,,augmentin,,for,,7-
14,,days,,,cephalexin,,for,,7-14,,days



Recurrent,,UTI,,treatment,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Prophylaxis,,with,,TMP/SMZ,,3,,times,,weekly,,for,,6,,months;,,TMP,,at,,bedtime,,for,,6,,months;
,,OR,,nitrofurantoin,,at,,bedtime,,for,,6,,months




Acute,,bacterial,,prostatitis,,treatment,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,--floxacins,,for,,2-4,,weeks



Evaluation,,of,,drug,,sensitivity,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Best,,done,,with,,sputum,,culture,,(takes,,up,,to,,16,,weeks,,for,,results);,,drugs,,are,,chosen,,by,,p
atterns,,of,,drug,,resistance,,in,,the,,community,,and,,immunocompetence,,of,,the,,patient;,,a,,ne
w,,automated,,TB,,assay,,can,,identify,,sensitivity,,to,,rifampin,,in,,2,,hours,,and,,confirm,,the,,p
resence,,of,,M.,,tuberculosis



Multi-drug,,resistant,,TB,,(MDR-TB),,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Resistant,,to,,both,,isoniazid,,and,,rifampin



Extremely,,drug-resistant,,TB,,(XDR-TB),,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Resistant,,to,,isoniazid,,and,,rifampin,,,all,,fluoroquinolones,,,and,,at,,least,,one,,of,,the,,injectab
le,,second-line,,drugs



First,,line,,treatment,,of,,TB,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Isoniazid,,,rifampin,,,pyrazinamide,,,and,,ethambutol.,,Rifapentine,,and,,rifabutin,,are,,also,,co
nsidered,,to,,be,,first,,line



Two,,phases,,of,,TB,,treatment,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Induction,,phase:,,lasts,,about,,8,,weeks,,,eliminate,,actively,,dividing,,tubercle,,bacilli.,,Contin
uation,,phase:,,lasts,,from,,18,,weeks,,to,,24,,months,,,eliminate,,intracellular,,persisters

, Drug,,sensitive,,TB,,treatment,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
8,,weeks,,induction,,of,,isoniazid,,,rifampin,,,pyrazinamide,,,and,,ethambutol;,,continuation,,18,
,weeks,,with,,isoniazid,,and,,rifampin




Isoniazid-resistant,,TB,,treatment,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Rifampin,,,ethambutol,,,and,,pyrazinamide,,for,,6,,months



Rifampin-resistant,,TB,,treatment,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Isoniazid,,,ethambutol,,,and,,pyrazinamide,,for,,18-24,,months



MDR-TB,,and,,XDR-TB,,treatment,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
24,,months,,with,,2nd,,and,,3rd,,line,,drugs;,,poor,,prognosis



Patients,,with,,TB,,plus,,HIV,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
More,,aggressive,,therapy,,required;,,minimum,,6,,months,,of,,treatment;,,rifampin,,accelerate
s,,metabolism,,of,,antiretroviral,,therapy,,drugs,,and,,decreases,,their,,effects



Promoting,,drug,,adherence,,in,,TB,,patients,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Directly,,Observed,,Therapy,,(DOT),,-
,,also,,allows,,for,,ongoing,,assessment,,of,,clinical,,signs;,,intermittent,,dosing:,,2-3,,times/week




Latent,,TB,,tests,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-TB,,skin,,test;,,interferon,,Gamma,,Release,,Assays



Latent,,TB,,treatment,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-
Isoniazid,,alone,,for,,9,,months;,,isoniazid,,and,,rifampin,,weekly,,for,,3,,months;,,active,,TB,,mu
st,,be,,ruled,,out



TB,,vaccination,,,,,,Correct,,Answer,,-Bacillus,,Calmette,,and,,Guerin,,(BCG),,vaccine