Test Bank for Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory
Care, 6th Edition
by Brian K. Walsh
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung
v v v
DevelopmentTest Bank
v v v
MULTIPLE vCHOICE
1. Which vof vthe vfollowing vphases vof vhuman vlung vdevelopment vis vcharacterized vby vthe
vformationvof va vcapillary vnetwork varound vairway vpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: v D
The vcanalicular vphase vfollows vthe vpseudoglandular vphase, vlasting vfrom vapproximately v17
vweeks vto v26 vweeks vof vgestation. vThis vphase vis vso vnamed vbecause vof vthe vappearance vof
vvascularv channels, vor vcapillaries, vwhich vbegin vto vgrow vby vforming va vcapillary vnetwork
varound vthe vair vpassages. vDuring vthe vpseudoglandular vstage, vwhich vbegins vat vday v52 vand
vextends vto vweek v16 vof vgestation, vthe vairway vsystem vsubdivides vextensively vand vthe
vconducting vairway vsystem vdevelops, vending vwith vthe vterminal vbronchioles. vThe vsaccular
vstage vof vdevelopment, vwhich vtakes vplace vfrom vweeks v29 vto v36 vof vgestation, vis
vcharacterized vby vthe vdevelopment vof vsacs vthatvlater vbecome valveoli. vDuring vthe vsaccular
vphase, va vtremendous vincrease vin vthe vpotential
gas-exchanging vsurface varea voccurs. vThe vdistinction vbetween vthe vsaccular vstage vand vthe
valveolar vstage vis varbitrary. vThe valveolar vstage vstretches vfrom v39 vweeks vof vgestation vto
vterm.v
This vstage vis vrepresented vby vthe vestablishment vof valveoli.
REF: v pp. v v v 3-5
2. Regarding vpostnatal vlung vgrowth, vby vapproximately vwhat vage vdo vmost vof vthe valveoli vthat
vwillvbe vpresent vin vthe vlungs vfor vlife vdevelop?
a. 6 vmonths
b. 1 vyear
c. 1.5 vyears
d. 2 vyears
ANS: v C
Most vof vthe vpostnatal vformation vof valveoli vin vthe vinfant voccurs vover vthe vfirst v1.5 vyears vof
vlife. vAt v2 vyears vof vage, vthe vnumber vof valveoli vvaries vsubstantially vamong vindividuals. vAfter
v2 vyearsv of vage, vmales vhave vmore valveoli vthan vdo vfemales. vAfter valveolar vmultiplication
vends, vthe valveoli vcontinue vto vincrease vin vsize vuntil vthoracic vgrowth vis vcompleted.
REF: v p. v6
3. The vrespiratory vtherapist vis vevaluating va vnewborn vwith vmild vrespiratory vdistress vdue vto
trachealvstenosis. vDuring vwhich vperiod vof vlung vdevelopment vdid vthis vproblem vdevelop?
v
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: v A
, The vinitial vstructures vof vthe vpulmonary vtree vdevelop vduring vthe vembryonal vstage. vErrors
vin vdevelopment vduring vthis vtime vmay vresult vin vlaryngeal, vtracheal, vor vesophageal vatresia
vor vstenosis. vPulmonary vhypoplasia, van vincomplete vdevelopment vof vthe vlungs vcharacterized
vby vanvabnormally vlow vnumber vand/or vsize vof vbronchopulmonary vsegments vand/or valveoli,
vcan vdevelop vduring vthe vpseudoglandular vphase. vIf vthe vfetus vis vborn vduring vthe vcanalicular
vphase v(i.e., vprematurely), vsevere vrespiratory vdistress vcan vbe vexpected vbecause vthe
vinadequately vdeveloped vairways, valong vwith vinsufficient vand vimmature vsurfactant
vproduction vby valveolar vtype vII vcells, vgives vrise vto vthe vconstellation vof vproblems vknown vas
vinfant vrespiratory vdistress vsyndrome.
REF: v v v p. v6
4. Which vof vthe vfollowing vmechanisms vis v(are) vresponsible vfor vthe vpossible vassociation
vbetweenvoligohydramnios vand vlung vhypoplasia?
I. Abnormal vcarbohydrate vmetabolism
II. Mechanical vrestriction vof vthe vchest vwall
III. Interference vwith vfetal vbreathing
IV. Failure vto vproduce vfetal vlung vliquid
a. I vand vIII vonly
b. II vand vIII vonly
c. I, vII, vand vIV vonly
d. II, vIII, vand vIV vonly
ANS: v D
Oligohydramnios, va vreduced vquantity vof vamniotic vfluid vpresent vfor van vextended vperiod vof
vtime,
with vor vwithout vrenal vanomTaElieSsT
, viB
svA
asNsoKcS
iaE
teLdLwEitR
hv.luCnO
gvM
hypoplasia. vThe vmechanisms vby v
vwhich vamniotic vfluid vvolume vinfluences vlung vgrowth vremain vunclear. vPossible vexplanations
vfor
reduced vquantity vof vamniotic vfluid vinclude vmechanical vrestriction vof vthe vchest vwall,
vinterference vwith vfetal vbreathing, vor vfailure vto vproduce vfetal vlung vliquid. vThese vclinical
vand vexperimental vobservations vpossibly vpoint vto va vcommon vdenominator, vlung vstretch,
vas vbeing vav
major vgrowth vstimulant.
REF: v pp. v6-7
5. What vis vthe vpurpose vof vthe vsubstance vsecreted vby vthe vtype vII vpneumocyte?
a. To vincrease vthe vgas vexchange vsurface varea
b. To vreduce vsurface vtension
c. To vmaintain vlung velasticity
d. To vpreserve vthe vvolume vof vthe vamniotic vfluid
ANS: v B
The vprimary vrole vof vmammalian vsurfactant vis vto vlower vthe vsurface vtension vwithin vthe
valveolus, vspecifically vat vthe vair–liquid vinterface. vThis vallows vthe vdelicate vstructure vof vthe
valveolus vto vexpand vwhen vfilled vwith vair. vWithout vsurfactant, vthe valveolus vremains
vcollapsed vbecause vof vthev high vsurface vtension vof vthe vmoist valveolar vsurface. v Surfactant vis
vcomposed vpredominantly vof van vintricate vblend vof vphospholipids, vneutral vlipids, vand
vproteins.
REF: v p. v8
, 6. Which vof vthe vfollowing vtests vof vthe vamniotic vfluid vhave vbeen vshown vto vbe vsensitive
vindicatorsvof vlung vmaturity?
a. Levels vof vprednisone
b. Levels vof vepidermal vgrowth vfactor
c. Levels vof vprostaglandins
d. Levels vof vphosphatidylglycerol vand vphosphatidylcholine
ANS: v D
Of vclinical vrelevance vduring vlate vgestation, vanalysis vof vamniotic vfluid vfor vthe vconcentration
vofvphosphatidylglycerol vand vphosphatidylcholine vhas vbeen vshown vto vbe va vsensitive
vindicator vof vthe vstate vof vfetal vlung vmaturity.
REF: v p. v8
7. vApproximately vhow vmuch vfetal vlung vfluid vis vsecreted vdaily?
a. vAbout v150 vto v200 vml
b. vAbout v250 vto v300 vml
c. vAbout v350 vto v400 vml
d. vAbout v450 vto v500 vml
ANS: vB
Fetal vlungs vare vsecretory vorgans vthat vmake vbreathing-like vmovements vbut vserve vno vrespiratory vfunction
vbefore vbirth. vThey vsecrete v
about v250 vto v300 vml vof vliquid vper vday.
v8. vThe vlung vbud vemerges vfrom vwhich vof vthe vfollowing vstructures?
a. vThe vpharynx
b. vThe vforegut
c. vThe vmesenchyme
d. vThe vtubular vepithelium
ANS: vA
The vembryonal vphase vincludes vprimitive vlung vdevelopment vand vis vgenerally vregarded vto vencompass vthe vfirst v2
vmonths vof vgestation. v
The vlung vbegins vto vemerge vas va vbud vfrom vthe vpharynx v26 vdays vafter vconception.
Care, 6th Edition
by Brian K. Walsh
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung
v v v
DevelopmentTest Bank
v v v
MULTIPLE vCHOICE
1. Which vof vthe vfollowing vphases vof vhuman vlung vdevelopment vis vcharacterized vby vthe
vformationvof va vcapillary vnetwork varound vairway vpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: v D
The vcanalicular vphase vfollows vthe vpseudoglandular vphase, vlasting vfrom vapproximately v17
vweeks vto v26 vweeks vof vgestation. vThis vphase vis vso vnamed vbecause vof vthe vappearance vof
vvascularv channels, vor vcapillaries, vwhich vbegin vto vgrow vby vforming va vcapillary vnetwork
varound vthe vair vpassages. vDuring vthe vpseudoglandular vstage, vwhich vbegins vat vday v52 vand
vextends vto vweek v16 vof vgestation, vthe vairway vsystem vsubdivides vextensively vand vthe
vconducting vairway vsystem vdevelops, vending vwith vthe vterminal vbronchioles. vThe vsaccular
vstage vof vdevelopment, vwhich vtakes vplace vfrom vweeks v29 vto v36 vof vgestation, vis
vcharacterized vby vthe vdevelopment vof vsacs vthatvlater vbecome valveoli. vDuring vthe vsaccular
vphase, va vtremendous vincrease vin vthe vpotential
gas-exchanging vsurface varea voccurs. vThe vdistinction vbetween vthe vsaccular vstage vand vthe
valveolar vstage vis varbitrary. vThe valveolar vstage vstretches vfrom v39 vweeks vof vgestation vto
vterm.v
This vstage vis vrepresented vby vthe vestablishment vof valveoli.
REF: v pp. v v v 3-5
2. Regarding vpostnatal vlung vgrowth, vby vapproximately vwhat vage vdo vmost vof vthe valveoli vthat
vwillvbe vpresent vin vthe vlungs vfor vlife vdevelop?
a. 6 vmonths
b. 1 vyear
c. 1.5 vyears
d. 2 vyears
ANS: v C
Most vof vthe vpostnatal vformation vof valveoli vin vthe vinfant voccurs vover vthe vfirst v1.5 vyears vof
vlife. vAt v2 vyears vof vage, vthe vnumber vof valveoli vvaries vsubstantially vamong vindividuals. vAfter
v2 vyearsv of vage, vmales vhave vmore valveoli vthan vdo vfemales. vAfter valveolar vmultiplication
vends, vthe valveoli vcontinue vto vincrease vin vsize vuntil vthoracic vgrowth vis vcompleted.
REF: v p. v6
3. The vrespiratory vtherapist vis vevaluating va vnewborn vwith vmild vrespiratory vdistress vdue vto
trachealvstenosis. vDuring vwhich vperiod vof vlung vdevelopment vdid vthis vproblem vdevelop?
v
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: v A
, The vinitial vstructures vof vthe vpulmonary vtree vdevelop vduring vthe vembryonal vstage. vErrors
vin vdevelopment vduring vthis vtime vmay vresult vin vlaryngeal, vtracheal, vor vesophageal vatresia
vor vstenosis. vPulmonary vhypoplasia, van vincomplete vdevelopment vof vthe vlungs vcharacterized
vby vanvabnormally vlow vnumber vand/or vsize vof vbronchopulmonary vsegments vand/or valveoli,
vcan vdevelop vduring vthe vpseudoglandular vphase. vIf vthe vfetus vis vborn vduring vthe vcanalicular
vphase v(i.e., vprematurely), vsevere vrespiratory vdistress vcan vbe vexpected vbecause vthe
vinadequately vdeveloped vairways, valong vwith vinsufficient vand vimmature vsurfactant
vproduction vby valveolar vtype vII vcells, vgives vrise vto vthe vconstellation vof vproblems vknown vas
vinfant vrespiratory vdistress vsyndrome.
REF: v v v p. v6
4. Which vof vthe vfollowing vmechanisms vis v(are) vresponsible vfor vthe vpossible vassociation
vbetweenvoligohydramnios vand vlung vhypoplasia?
I. Abnormal vcarbohydrate vmetabolism
II. Mechanical vrestriction vof vthe vchest vwall
III. Interference vwith vfetal vbreathing
IV. Failure vto vproduce vfetal vlung vliquid
a. I vand vIII vonly
b. II vand vIII vonly
c. I, vII, vand vIV vonly
d. II, vIII, vand vIV vonly
ANS: v D
Oligohydramnios, va vreduced vquantity vof vamniotic vfluid vpresent vfor van vextended vperiod vof
vtime,
with vor vwithout vrenal vanomTaElieSsT
, viB
svA
asNsoKcS
iaE
teLdLwEitR
hv.luCnO
gvM
hypoplasia. vThe vmechanisms vby v
vwhich vamniotic vfluid vvolume vinfluences vlung vgrowth vremain vunclear. vPossible vexplanations
vfor
reduced vquantity vof vamniotic vfluid vinclude vmechanical vrestriction vof vthe vchest vwall,
vinterference vwith vfetal vbreathing, vor vfailure vto vproduce vfetal vlung vliquid. vThese vclinical
vand vexperimental vobservations vpossibly vpoint vto va vcommon vdenominator, vlung vstretch,
vas vbeing vav
major vgrowth vstimulant.
REF: v pp. v6-7
5. What vis vthe vpurpose vof vthe vsubstance vsecreted vby vthe vtype vII vpneumocyte?
a. To vincrease vthe vgas vexchange vsurface varea
b. To vreduce vsurface vtension
c. To vmaintain vlung velasticity
d. To vpreserve vthe vvolume vof vthe vamniotic vfluid
ANS: v B
The vprimary vrole vof vmammalian vsurfactant vis vto vlower vthe vsurface vtension vwithin vthe
valveolus, vspecifically vat vthe vair–liquid vinterface. vThis vallows vthe vdelicate vstructure vof vthe
valveolus vto vexpand vwhen vfilled vwith vair. vWithout vsurfactant, vthe valveolus vremains
vcollapsed vbecause vof vthev high vsurface vtension vof vthe vmoist valveolar vsurface. v Surfactant vis
vcomposed vpredominantly vof van vintricate vblend vof vphospholipids, vneutral vlipids, vand
vproteins.
REF: v p. v8
, 6. Which vof vthe vfollowing vtests vof vthe vamniotic vfluid vhave vbeen vshown vto vbe vsensitive
vindicatorsvof vlung vmaturity?
a. Levels vof vprednisone
b. Levels vof vepidermal vgrowth vfactor
c. Levels vof vprostaglandins
d. Levels vof vphosphatidylglycerol vand vphosphatidylcholine
ANS: v D
Of vclinical vrelevance vduring vlate vgestation, vanalysis vof vamniotic vfluid vfor vthe vconcentration
vofvphosphatidylglycerol vand vphosphatidylcholine vhas vbeen vshown vto vbe va vsensitive
vindicator vof vthe vstate vof vfetal vlung vmaturity.
REF: v p. v8
7. vApproximately vhow vmuch vfetal vlung vfluid vis vsecreted vdaily?
a. vAbout v150 vto v200 vml
b. vAbout v250 vto v300 vml
c. vAbout v350 vto v400 vml
d. vAbout v450 vto v500 vml
ANS: vB
Fetal vlungs vare vsecretory vorgans vthat vmake vbreathing-like vmovements vbut vserve vno vrespiratory vfunction
vbefore vbirth. vThey vsecrete v
about v250 vto v300 vml vof vliquid vper vday.
v8. vThe vlung vbud vemerges vfrom vwhich vof vthe vfollowing vstructures?
a. vThe vpharynx
b. vThe vforegut
c. vThe vmesenchyme
d. vThe vtubular vepithelium
ANS: vA
The vembryonal vphase vincludes vprimitive vlung vdevelopment vand vis vgenerally vregarded vto vencompass vthe vfirst v2
vmonths vof vgestation. v
The vlung vbegins vto vemerge vas va vbud vfrom vthe vpharynx v26 vdays vafter vconception.
