PLTW Biomedical Science Final Study Guide
Definitions UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
A system of four types (A, AB, B, and O) which human blood is classified into, based on the
presence or absence of certain antigens. - CORRECT ANSWER - ABO system
How close a measurement is to the true or accepted value. - CORRECT ANSWER -
accuracy
Specific immune defense mechanisms. This form of immunity is acquired over a lifetime and
uses antibodies to respond to specific antigens. - CORRECT ANSWER - acquired
immunity
A component of nucleic acids found in DNA and RNA and in the energy-carrying molecule, ATP.
Adenine is a purine base. - CORRECT ANSWER - adenine
A compound composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many
biochemical cellular processes. - CORRECT ANSWER - adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP)
The clumping of particles. - CORRECT ANSWER - agglutination
The change in body temperature after death. - CORRECT ANSWER - algor mortis
Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at the same place on a chromosome, for
example, the genes responsible for blood type that are found on chromosome 9. - CORRECT
ANSWER - allele
One of a group of compounds that, when linked in a chain with other amino acids, forms a
protein. - CORRECT ANSWER - amino acid
,A condition in which blood is deficient in red blood cells or in functional red blood cells; leads to
reduced oxygen levels in the body. - CORRECT ANSWER - anemia
A medical imaging technique used to visualize blood vessels; uses an imaging dye. - CORRECT
ANSWER - angiogram
A surgical method to restore the flow of blood through an artery. - CORRECT ANSWER -
angioplasty
A protein produced by B cells in the blood; works to impair pathogens. Also called an
immunoglobulin. - CORRECT ANSWER - antibody
A sequence of three nucleotides in a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule. Complementary to a codon
on messenger RNA (mRNA). Critical to protein synthesis, anticodons function in building an
amino acid chain. - CORRECT ANSWER - anticodon
Anything that stimulates an immune response. - CORRECT ANSWER - antigen
The largest artery in the body, the aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the
heart to the rest of the body. - CORRECT ANSWER - aorta
One of four valves in the heart, the aortic valve separates the left ventricle and the aorta, and
functions to prevent blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. - CORRECT
ANSWER - aortic valve
A software application, especially one that a user downloads to a mobile device. - CORRECT
ANSWER - app
A type of vessel that carries blood from the heart through the body; part of the circulatory
system. - CORRECT ANSWER - artery
, The practice and/or process of preventing contamination. - CORRECT ANSWER - aseptic
technique
The deposition of fats and/or cholesterol on artery walls, which negatively impacts blood flow. -
CORRECT ANSWER - atherosclerosis
Part of the heart's conduction system that is responsible for controlling the impulse delivered by
the sinoatrial node (SA); also called the AV node. - CORRECT ANSWER -
atrioventricular node
An upper chamber of the heart where blood enters. The heart has two atria: the left atrium
connects to the lungs and the right atrium connects to the veins. - CORRECT ANSWER -
atrium
Nonspatial information about a geographic feature in a geographic information system (GIS),
usually stored in a table and linked to the feature by a unique identifier. - CORRECT
ANSWER - attribute
A postmortem evaluation to determine cause of death. - CORRECT ANSWER - autopsy
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex (such as chromosomes 1-22), as
opposed to the sex chromosomes X and Y. - CORRECT ANSWER - autosome
A type of lymphocyte (white blood cell) that matures in bone marrow and produces antibodies. -
CORRECT ANSWER - B lymphocyte (B cell)
A rod-shaped (cylindrical) bacterium; plural is bacilli. - CORRECT ANSWER - bacillus
A single-celled, prokaryotic microorganism. - CORRECT ANSWER - bacteria
Definitions UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
A system of four types (A, AB, B, and O) which human blood is classified into, based on the
presence or absence of certain antigens. - CORRECT ANSWER - ABO system
How close a measurement is to the true or accepted value. - CORRECT ANSWER -
accuracy
Specific immune defense mechanisms. This form of immunity is acquired over a lifetime and
uses antibodies to respond to specific antigens. - CORRECT ANSWER - acquired
immunity
A component of nucleic acids found in DNA and RNA and in the energy-carrying molecule, ATP.
Adenine is a purine base. - CORRECT ANSWER - adenine
A compound composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many
biochemical cellular processes. - CORRECT ANSWER - adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP)
The clumping of particles. - CORRECT ANSWER - agglutination
The change in body temperature after death. - CORRECT ANSWER - algor mortis
Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at the same place on a chromosome, for
example, the genes responsible for blood type that are found on chromosome 9. - CORRECT
ANSWER - allele
One of a group of compounds that, when linked in a chain with other amino acids, forms a
protein. - CORRECT ANSWER - amino acid
,A condition in which blood is deficient in red blood cells or in functional red blood cells; leads to
reduced oxygen levels in the body. - CORRECT ANSWER - anemia
A medical imaging technique used to visualize blood vessels; uses an imaging dye. - CORRECT
ANSWER - angiogram
A surgical method to restore the flow of blood through an artery. - CORRECT ANSWER -
angioplasty
A protein produced by B cells in the blood; works to impair pathogens. Also called an
immunoglobulin. - CORRECT ANSWER - antibody
A sequence of three nucleotides in a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule. Complementary to a codon
on messenger RNA (mRNA). Critical to protein synthesis, anticodons function in building an
amino acid chain. - CORRECT ANSWER - anticodon
Anything that stimulates an immune response. - CORRECT ANSWER - antigen
The largest artery in the body, the aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the
heart to the rest of the body. - CORRECT ANSWER - aorta
One of four valves in the heart, the aortic valve separates the left ventricle and the aorta, and
functions to prevent blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. - CORRECT
ANSWER - aortic valve
A software application, especially one that a user downloads to a mobile device. - CORRECT
ANSWER - app
A type of vessel that carries blood from the heart through the body; part of the circulatory
system. - CORRECT ANSWER - artery
, The practice and/or process of preventing contamination. - CORRECT ANSWER - aseptic
technique
The deposition of fats and/or cholesterol on artery walls, which negatively impacts blood flow. -
CORRECT ANSWER - atherosclerosis
Part of the heart's conduction system that is responsible for controlling the impulse delivered by
the sinoatrial node (SA); also called the AV node. - CORRECT ANSWER -
atrioventricular node
An upper chamber of the heart where blood enters. The heart has two atria: the left atrium
connects to the lungs and the right atrium connects to the veins. - CORRECT ANSWER -
atrium
Nonspatial information about a geographic feature in a geographic information system (GIS),
usually stored in a table and linked to the feature by a unique identifier. - CORRECT
ANSWER - attribute
A postmortem evaluation to determine cause of death. - CORRECT ANSWER - autopsy
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex (such as chromosomes 1-22), as
opposed to the sex chromosomes X and Y. - CORRECT ANSWER - autosome
A type of lymphocyte (white blood cell) that matures in bone marrow and produces antibodies. -
CORRECT ANSWER - B lymphocyte (B cell)
A rod-shaped (cylindrical) bacterium; plural is bacilli. - CORRECT ANSWER - bacillus
A single-celled, prokaryotic microorganism. - CORRECT ANSWER - bacteria
