Physiology 14th Edition by John E. Hall; Michael E.
Hall, Chapters 1 - 86
NucleusrReceptorsr-
rSpecificrforrThyroidrhormonesrinrdirectrassociationrwithronerorrmorerofrtherchromosomes.
Neurotransmittersr-
rReleasedrbyraxonrterminalsrofneuronsrintorthersynapticrjunctionsrandractrlocallyrtorcontrolr
nervercellrfunctions.
Endocrinerhormonesr-
rreleasedrbyrglandsrorrspecializedcellsrintorthercirculatingrbloodrandrinfluencertherfunctionr
ofrtargetrcellsratranotherrlocationrinrtherbody.
Neuroendocrinerhormonesr-
rSecretedrbyrneuronsrintorthercirculatingrbloodrandrinfluencertherfunctionrofrtargetrcellsratra
notherrlocationrinrtherbody.
Paracrinesr-
rSecretedrbyrcellsrintortherextracellularrfluidrandraffectrneighboringrtargetrcellsrofrardifferentr
type.
Autocrinesr-
rSecretedrbyrcellsrintortherextracellularrfluidrandraffectrtherfunctionrofrthersamercellsrthatrpro
ducedrthem.
Cytokinesr-
rPeptidesrsecretedrbyrcellsrintortherextracellularrfluidrandrcanrfunctionrasrautocrines,rparacr
ines,rorrendocrinerhormones
ExamplesrofrCytokinesr-rInterleukins,rcolony-
stimulatingrfactors,rinterferons,randrtumorrnecrosisrfactors.
CytokinesrproducedrbyrAdipocytesr-rAdipokines
Polypeptidesrorrproteinsr-rMostrofrtherhormonesrinrtherbodyrare
Thyrotropin-releasingrhormoner-rHypothalamusrreleasedrhormone
Stimulatesrsecretionrofrthyroid-stimulating
hormonerandrprolactinr-rThyrotropin-releasingrhormonerfunction
Peptider-rThyrotropin-releasingrhormonerstructure
, Corticotropin-releasingrhormoner-rHypothalamusrreleasedrhormone
Causesrreleaserofradrenocorticotropicrhormoner-rCorticotropin-
releasingrhormonerfunction
Peptider-rCorticotropin-releasingrhormonerstructure
Growthrhormone-releasingrhormoner-rHypothalamusrreleasedrhormone
Causesrreleaserofrgrowthrhormoner-rGrowthrhormone-releasingrhormonerfunction
Peptider-rGrowthrhormone-releasingrhormonerstructure
Growthrhormonerinhibitoryrhormoner(somatostatin)r-rHypothalamusrreleasedrhormone
Inhibitsrreleaserofrgrowthrhormoner-
rGrowthrhormonerinhibitoryrhormoner(somatostatin)rfunction
Peptider-rGrowthrhormonerinhibitoryrhormoner(somatostatin)rstructure
Dopaminerorrprolactinrinhibitingrfactorr-rHypothalamusrreleasedrhormone
Causesrreleaserofrluteinizingrhormonerandrfollicle-stimulatingrhormoner-rGonadotropin-
releasingrhormonerfunction
Peptider-rGonadotropin-releasingrhormonerstructure
Gonadotropin-releasingrhormoner-rHypothalamusrreleasedrhormone
Inhibitsrreleaserofrprolactinr-rDopaminerorrprolactinrinhibitingrfactorrfunction
Aminer-rDopaminerorrprolactinrinhibitingrfactor
Growthrhormoner-rAnteriorrpituitaryrhormone
Stimulatesrproteinrsynthesisrandroverallrgrowthrof
mostrcellsrandrtissuesr-rGrowthrhormonerfunction
Peptider-rGrowthrhormonerstructure
Thyroid-stimulatingrhormoner-rAnteriorrpituitaryrhormone
Stimulatesrsynthesisrandrsecretionrofrthyroid
hormonesr(thyroxinerandrtriiodothyronine)r-rThyroid-stimulatingrhormonerfunction