2025 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1 GALEN
COLLEGE ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST UPDATED
80 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS (EXPERT SOLVED)
1. What is a physical and mechanical barrier?: Pg. 143- Intact physical
barriers act as a blockage to foreign material entering the body. Ex: The
constant shedding of the epidermis and mucosal membranes aids in the
removal of any micro organisms that attach to their surface
2. What is the difference between direct and indirect transmission?: Pg.
148
Direct (droplet) Ex: Sexual intercourse, or kissing
Indirect (Airborne) Ex: Measles
3. What is neutropenia and how does this put a pt at risk for acquiring
diseases?: Neutropenia is an absolute neutrophil count less than 500.
Affected pts are required protective isolation to prevent infections.
An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria,
viruses, fungi, or protozoa) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally
available, such as a host with a weakened immune system, an altered
microbiota (such as a disrupted gut microbiota), or breached integumentary
barriers.
, .
4. What are common characteristics of asthma?: Pg. 479 Airway
obstruction that is reversible
Airway inflammation
Wheezing, dyspnea, and cough
5. If asthma is not treated properly it could develop into what two other
conditions?: Emphysema and Bronchitis
6. Which race/ethnicities are most at risk for developing asthma? Pg. 479:
Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood with a
disproportionally high prevalence rate in African Americans, inner city
dwellers and premature/low birth weight babies
7. Asthma is associated with the release of inflammatory chemicals from
mast cells in the airways. The mechanisms stimulating the mast cell
release are called what?: Pg. 479 Immunoglobulin (IgE)
8. What does peak expiratory flow rate check?: Pg. 479 Best indictor of a
reduction in airflow
9. Can asthma be allergy specific? Please explain.: Pg. 479 Allergic asthma
(extrinsic) comprises of approximately 1/3 of all cases. Asthma is often
associated with a history of hay fever or eczema, a positive history of
disease, and positive skin test reaction to allergens (dust)
10. What causes exercise-induced asthma?: Pg. 479 A mediator is released
that causes bronchial constriction while exercising (basophils and tissue
mast cells)
11 What is the pathology of exercise induced asthma?: Pg. 479 Heat loss,
water loss, and increased osmolality of the lower respiratory mucosa are
COLLEGE ACTUAL EXAM 2 LATEST UPDATED
80 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS (EXPERT SOLVED)
1. What is a physical and mechanical barrier?: Pg. 143- Intact physical
barriers act as a blockage to foreign material entering the body. Ex: The
constant shedding of the epidermis and mucosal membranes aids in the
removal of any micro organisms that attach to their surface
2. What is the difference between direct and indirect transmission?: Pg.
148
Direct (droplet) Ex: Sexual intercourse, or kissing
Indirect (Airborne) Ex: Measles
3. What is neutropenia and how does this put a pt at risk for acquiring
diseases?: Neutropenia is an absolute neutrophil count less than 500.
Affected pts are required protective isolation to prevent infections.
An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria,
viruses, fungi, or protozoa) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally
available, such as a host with a weakened immune system, an altered
microbiota (such as a disrupted gut microbiota), or breached integumentary
barriers.
, .
4. What are common characteristics of asthma?: Pg. 479 Airway
obstruction that is reversible
Airway inflammation
Wheezing, dyspnea, and cough
5. If asthma is not treated properly it could develop into what two other
conditions?: Emphysema and Bronchitis
6. Which race/ethnicities are most at risk for developing asthma? Pg. 479:
Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood with a
disproportionally high prevalence rate in African Americans, inner city
dwellers and premature/low birth weight babies
7. Asthma is associated with the release of inflammatory chemicals from
mast cells in the airways. The mechanisms stimulating the mast cell
release are called what?: Pg. 479 Immunoglobulin (IgE)
8. What does peak expiratory flow rate check?: Pg. 479 Best indictor of a
reduction in airflow
9. Can asthma be allergy specific? Please explain.: Pg. 479 Allergic asthma
(extrinsic) comprises of approximately 1/3 of all cases. Asthma is often
associated with a history of hay fever or eczema, a positive history of
disease, and positive skin test reaction to allergens (dust)
10. What causes exercise-induced asthma?: Pg. 479 A mediator is released
that causes bronchial constriction while exercising (basophils and tissue
mast cells)
11 What is the pathology of exercise induced asthma?: Pg. 479 Heat loss,
water loss, and increased osmolality of the lower respiratory mucosa are
