The view that different diseases affect Blacks and whites differently; treats race as a
biological variable
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Medical racialist view
,CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to genetically alter human germline cells and embryos.
Some of the issues with it are the occurrence of undesirable changes in the genome,
from whom and how informed consent is obtained, and the breeding of the human
species (eugenics). Some more bioethics issues: eugenics informed consent,
enhancement accessibility, patenting safety incomplete or over legislations. This could
give parents/guardians the right to make decisions on behalf of minors for non-health
reasons. There also can be risks of causing various mutations or transferring
undesirable changes to future generations
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Bioethics of CRISPR technology
- An integration of eight distinct principles including enhancing communication,
building trust and capacity among all partners, recognzig the unique strengths of
each partner, and equitably sharing resources
- Project CHURCH used this approach by involving church partners throughout the
study as church is a central part of African American culture
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Community-based participatory research
- Facilitating gender transition has been compared with giving an anorexic liposuction
or with amputating a healthy limb for someone who desires to have only one arm
- This analogy involves distress over bodily appearance
1. This analogy fails because the analogies are unhealthy whereas someone that wants
to transition does so because they want a healthy body; also fails because it does not
address the reason for dissatisfaction with the body
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, Body dysmorphia analogy
- This declaraction anchors hte principles it endorses in the rules that govern respect
for human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms. By enshrining bioethics in
internaitonal human rights and by ensuring respect for the life of human beings, the
declaration recognizes the interrelation between ethics and human rights in the
specific field of bioethics
- Created so that human beings everywhere can benefit from the advances of science
and technology within the framework of respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms
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UNESCO's Universal Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005)
This case studied the high rate of diabetes among Havasupai Indians. These
investigators used a broad consent, which was not as carefully scrutinized as an ethics
committee as it should have been. They gave DNA samples to researchers. The
researchers believed the subjects had consented to collection of blood and to its use
in genetic research beyond its original purpose. The subjects denied they gave
permission for this research. They ended up suing ASU for this research. From their
research, the researchers found out several things about the tribe. In the end, the tribe
was harmed by the damage to its traditional self-understanding. It was also thought
that they may have been taken advantage of due to their lack of understanding. ASU
ended up having to pay all the members who took part in the study
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Havasupai First Nations ASU research case
, - Organ donation will occur automatically unless a specific request is made before
death for organs not to be taken; in this system, families would have the final say and
can overrule their loved one's wishes to be a donor
- You have failed to refuse (not opted out)
- Consent presumed unless overridden
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Opt-out systems for organ donation
- Believe there is not a right to health care
- Justice is freedom
- Value protocol: to each person: a maximization of freedom & property resulting
from the exercise of individual liberty and participation in fair, free-market exchanges
with a minimization of collective intervention
- Hard-core libertarianism claims that the right to health care is actually an injust claim
to the resources of others. The only rights we have are negative, so we cannot have a
right to health care. Health care should be treated like any other good - available on
the free market for those willing and able to pay for it
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Libertarian justice
- People with intersex variations have characteristics that don't fit the typical definition
of a female or male body
- This can be physical, hormonal or chromosome-related
- Occurs 1/1700 births
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biological variable
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Medical racialist view
,CRISPR-Cas9 can be used to genetically alter human germline cells and embryos.
Some of the issues with it are the occurrence of undesirable changes in the genome,
from whom and how informed consent is obtained, and the breeding of the human
species (eugenics). Some more bioethics issues: eugenics informed consent,
enhancement accessibility, patenting safety incomplete or over legislations. This could
give parents/guardians the right to make decisions on behalf of minors for non-health
reasons. There also can be risks of causing various mutations or transferring
undesirable changes to future generations
Give this one a try later!
Bioethics of CRISPR technology
- An integration of eight distinct principles including enhancing communication,
building trust and capacity among all partners, recognzig the unique strengths of
each partner, and equitably sharing resources
- Project CHURCH used this approach by involving church partners throughout the
study as church is a central part of African American culture
Give this one a try later!
Community-based participatory research
- Facilitating gender transition has been compared with giving an anorexic liposuction
or with amputating a healthy limb for someone who desires to have only one arm
- This analogy involves distress over bodily appearance
1. This analogy fails because the analogies are unhealthy whereas someone that wants
to transition does so because they want a healthy body; also fails because it does not
address the reason for dissatisfaction with the body
Give this one a try later!
, Body dysmorphia analogy
- This declaraction anchors hte principles it endorses in the rules that govern respect
for human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms. By enshrining bioethics in
internaitonal human rights and by ensuring respect for the life of human beings, the
declaration recognizes the interrelation between ethics and human rights in the
specific field of bioethics
- Created so that human beings everywhere can benefit from the advances of science
and technology within the framework of respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms
Give this one a try later!
UNESCO's Universal Declaration on Bioethics & Human Rights (2005)
This case studied the high rate of diabetes among Havasupai Indians. These
investigators used a broad consent, which was not as carefully scrutinized as an ethics
committee as it should have been. They gave DNA samples to researchers. The
researchers believed the subjects had consented to collection of blood and to its use
in genetic research beyond its original purpose. The subjects denied they gave
permission for this research. They ended up suing ASU for this research. From their
research, the researchers found out several things about the tribe. In the end, the tribe
was harmed by the damage to its traditional self-understanding. It was also thought
that they may have been taken advantage of due to their lack of understanding. ASU
ended up having to pay all the members who took part in the study
Give this one a try later!
Havasupai First Nations ASU research case
, - Organ donation will occur automatically unless a specific request is made before
death for organs not to be taken; in this system, families would have the final say and
can overrule their loved one's wishes to be a donor
- You have failed to refuse (not opted out)
- Consent presumed unless overridden
Give this one a try later!
Opt-out systems for organ donation
- Believe there is not a right to health care
- Justice is freedom
- Value protocol: to each person: a maximization of freedom & property resulting
from the exercise of individual liberty and participation in fair, free-market exchanges
with a minimization of collective intervention
- Hard-core libertarianism claims that the right to health care is actually an injust claim
to the resources of others. The only rights we have are negative, so we cannot have a
right to health care. Health care should be treated like any other good - available on
the free market for those willing and able to pay for it
Give this one a try later!
Libertarian justice
- People with intersex variations have characteristics that don't fit the typical definition
of a female or male body
- This can be physical, hormonal or chromosome-related
- Occurs 1/1700 births
Give this one a try later!
