🐙
Translation and the Genetic
Code
Created @February 20, 2025 8:28 PM
Class Cells to Systems
During bacterial protein synthesis, ribosome areas are targeted by
antibiotics
Initiation
Initiation
Elongation
Peptide - bond formation
tRNA’s translocation
Chain elongation
Termination
Recycling
Protein Synthesis
Occurs in compilation of proteins and RNA molecules (Ribosome)
Process involves translation
Lots of tRNA’s interact with mRNA
Each tRNA contains one of 20 amino acids provided by 20 different
aminoactyl tRNA synthetases
Translation and the Genetic Code 1
, Needs 12 protein factors for initiation, elongation and translation
termination
100 additional enzymes carry out protein mods
Crick’s Adaptor Hypothesis
Protein Synthesis theory
Template is RNA
Template requires info on nucleotide triplet codes
Amino acid carried to template using adaptor
Adaptors inside nucleotides
Genetic Code
Doesn’t overlap with amino acids
Contains polypeptide initiation and termination
Confirmed by ‘3 nucleotides’ RNA codons
Properties of Genetic Code
Made of nucleotide triplets
Non-overlapping
No commas
Start and stop signals
Almost universal
Degenerates and becomes redundant
Translation and the Genetic Code 2
Translation and the Genetic
Code
Created @February 20, 2025 8:28 PM
Class Cells to Systems
During bacterial protein synthesis, ribosome areas are targeted by
antibiotics
Initiation
Initiation
Elongation
Peptide - bond formation
tRNA’s translocation
Chain elongation
Termination
Recycling
Protein Synthesis
Occurs in compilation of proteins and RNA molecules (Ribosome)
Process involves translation
Lots of tRNA’s interact with mRNA
Each tRNA contains one of 20 amino acids provided by 20 different
aminoactyl tRNA synthetases
Translation and the Genetic Code 1
, Needs 12 protein factors for initiation, elongation and translation
termination
100 additional enzymes carry out protein mods
Crick’s Adaptor Hypothesis
Protein Synthesis theory
Template is RNA
Template requires info on nucleotide triplet codes
Amino acid carried to template using adaptor
Adaptors inside nucleotides
Genetic Code
Doesn’t overlap with amino acids
Contains polypeptide initiation and termination
Confirmed by ‘3 nucleotides’ RNA codons
Properties of Genetic Code
Made of nucleotide triplets
Non-overlapping
No commas
Start and stop signals
Almost universal
Degenerates and becomes redundant
Translation and the Genetic Code 2
