I/O Psychology (Exam 1) UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
CHAPTER 1 - CORRECT ANSWER - ...
Influential Early 20th Century Scientists - CORRECT ANSWER - - Hugo Munsterberg
- Walter D. Scott
- Frederick W. Taylor
- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Hugo Munsterberg - CORRECT ANSWER - Interested in the design of work and
personnel selection
Walter D. Scott - CORRECT ANSWER - Pioneered Industrial Psychology. He was the
first professor of Industrial Psychology
Frederick W. Taylor - CORRECT ANSWER - - Time and motion studies
- Scientific management
(F.T) Scientific Management - CORRECT ANSWER - A movement started by Taylor, was
a method of using scientific principles to improve the efficiency and productivity of jobs.
(F.T) Time-and-motion Studies - CORRECT ANSWER - Taylor developed time-and-
motion studies- procedures in which work tasks are broken down into simple component
movements timed to develop a more efficient method for performing the tasks.
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth - CORRECT ANSWER - - Implemented principles of scientific
management
,- Revolutionized several physical labor jobs.
- They also worked with time-and-motion studies. They wrote Cheaper By The Dozen
concerning applying time-and-motion studies to their 12 children. They also applied it to many
other jobs.
WWI and 1920s - CORRECT ANSWER - Robert Yerkes
- Worked with the U.S Army to develop intelligence tests for Army Recruits
- Alpha (for people who could read) and Beta Tests (for people who couldn't read)
James McKeen Cattell
- Opened one of the first I/O Consulting Organizations
Great Depression and WWII - CORRECT ANSWER - Elton Mayo
- Conducted Hawthorne Experiments.
- Elton Mayo and his colleagues examined the effects of the physical environment on worker
productivity.
- In one particular study, they examined the effect of lighting on worker productivity. Results of
the study found that productivity increased regardless of level of lighting.
Hawthorne Effect - CORRECT ANSWER - The Hawthorne effect refers to changes in
behavior occurring as a function of participants' knowledge that they are being observed and
their expectations concerning their role as research participants.
Human Relation Movement - CORRECT ANSWER - The human relations movement was
a movement based on the studies of Elton Mayo that emphasizes the importance of social factors
in influencing work performance.
I/O Psych Trends (1) - CORRECT ANSWER - First trend: The changing nature of work.
- Organizational downsizing refers to the strategy of reducing an organization's workforce to
improve organizational efficiency and/or competitiveness.
, I/O Psych Trends (2) - CORRECT ANSWER - Second Trend: Expanding focus on human
resources.
- Competition for highly-skilled workers
- Growing number of low-skilled workers in the service industry.
I/O Psych Trends (3) - CORRECT ANSWER - Third trend: Increasing diversity in the
workforce.
- Workforce is becoming more diverse
- Women make up two thirds of all entering workers in the labor market.
- Ethnic minority group members make up one third of all entering workers.
I/O Psych Trends (4) - CORRECT ANSWER - Fourth trend: Increasing globalization of
business.
- More businesses are focusing on the global economy.
- Potential issues for worker training
CHAPTER 2 - CORRECT ANSWER - ...
Independent Variable - CORRECT ANSWER - Variable manipulated by the researcher.
Dependent Variable - CORRECT ANSWER - Variable that is affected (or acted upon) by
the independent variable.
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypotheses are statements about the supposed
relationships between or among variables.
Theory/Model - CORRECT ANSWER - A theory or model is an organization of beliefs
into a representation of the factors that affect behavior.
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
CHAPTER 1 - CORRECT ANSWER - ...
Influential Early 20th Century Scientists - CORRECT ANSWER - - Hugo Munsterberg
- Walter D. Scott
- Frederick W. Taylor
- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Hugo Munsterberg - CORRECT ANSWER - Interested in the design of work and
personnel selection
Walter D. Scott - CORRECT ANSWER - Pioneered Industrial Psychology. He was the
first professor of Industrial Psychology
Frederick W. Taylor - CORRECT ANSWER - - Time and motion studies
- Scientific management
(F.T) Scientific Management - CORRECT ANSWER - A movement started by Taylor, was
a method of using scientific principles to improve the efficiency and productivity of jobs.
(F.T) Time-and-motion Studies - CORRECT ANSWER - Taylor developed time-and-
motion studies- procedures in which work tasks are broken down into simple component
movements timed to develop a more efficient method for performing the tasks.
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth - CORRECT ANSWER - - Implemented principles of scientific
management
,- Revolutionized several physical labor jobs.
- They also worked with time-and-motion studies. They wrote Cheaper By The Dozen
concerning applying time-and-motion studies to their 12 children. They also applied it to many
other jobs.
WWI and 1920s - CORRECT ANSWER - Robert Yerkes
- Worked with the U.S Army to develop intelligence tests for Army Recruits
- Alpha (for people who could read) and Beta Tests (for people who couldn't read)
James McKeen Cattell
- Opened one of the first I/O Consulting Organizations
Great Depression and WWII - CORRECT ANSWER - Elton Mayo
- Conducted Hawthorne Experiments.
- Elton Mayo and his colleagues examined the effects of the physical environment on worker
productivity.
- In one particular study, they examined the effect of lighting on worker productivity. Results of
the study found that productivity increased regardless of level of lighting.
Hawthorne Effect - CORRECT ANSWER - The Hawthorne effect refers to changes in
behavior occurring as a function of participants' knowledge that they are being observed and
their expectations concerning their role as research participants.
Human Relation Movement - CORRECT ANSWER - The human relations movement was
a movement based on the studies of Elton Mayo that emphasizes the importance of social factors
in influencing work performance.
I/O Psych Trends (1) - CORRECT ANSWER - First trend: The changing nature of work.
- Organizational downsizing refers to the strategy of reducing an organization's workforce to
improve organizational efficiency and/or competitiveness.
, I/O Psych Trends (2) - CORRECT ANSWER - Second Trend: Expanding focus on human
resources.
- Competition for highly-skilled workers
- Growing number of low-skilled workers in the service industry.
I/O Psych Trends (3) - CORRECT ANSWER - Third trend: Increasing diversity in the
workforce.
- Workforce is becoming more diverse
- Women make up two thirds of all entering workers in the labor market.
- Ethnic minority group members make up one third of all entering workers.
I/O Psych Trends (4) - CORRECT ANSWER - Fourth trend: Increasing globalization of
business.
- More businesses are focusing on the global economy.
- Potential issues for worker training
CHAPTER 2 - CORRECT ANSWER - ...
Independent Variable - CORRECT ANSWER - Variable manipulated by the researcher.
Dependent Variable - CORRECT ANSWER - Variable that is affected (or acted upon) by
the independent variable.
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Hypotheses are statements about the supposed
relationships between or among variables.
Theory/Model - CORRECT ANSWER - A theory or model is an organization of beliefs
into a representation of the factors that affect behavior.
