OCCTH 585 Test 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Where in the cell do action potentials exist?
a) cell body
b) axons
c) dendrites
d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - b) axons
Where in the cell is information received?
a) cell body
b) axons
c) dendrites
d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - c) dendrites
Put the following steps of transmitting an action potential into the correct order.
a) Receptor molecules open up ion channels
b) Action potential activates synaptic bouton
c) Neurotransmitter diffuses across gap to postsynaptic cleft
d) Synaptic vesicles releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
e) Ions flow through into postsynaptic cell
f) Neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecule on postsynaptic cell - CORRECT
ANSWER - b) Action potential activates synaptic bouton
d) Synaptic vesicles releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
c) Neurotransmitter diffuses across gap to postsynaptic cleft
,f) Neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecule on postsynaptic cell
a) Receptor molecules open up ion channels
e) Ions flow through into postsynaptic cell
True or False: Cells receive input from multiple sources coming onto the cell body and dendrites.
- CORRECT ANSWER - True.
What are 2 ways that one can change the properties of neurotransmission (forms of
neuroplasticity)? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Change in neurotransmitter release
2. Change in the size or shape of the post-synaptic potential
What are 3 forms of neuroplasticity that result in a change in cell properties? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. Changing size or shape of cell
2. Changing electrical properties (resistance)
3. Changing the leakiness of the membrane
What are the 3 overarching forms of neuroplasticity? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Change
the properties of neurotransmission
2. Change cell properties
3. Structural/anatomical changes in cells
True or False: the bulk of the (neuroplasticity) changes that we see in rehab are a result of
structural or anatomical changes in cells. - CORRECT ANSWER - False. (This form of
neuroplasticity takes a lot of time, and this is not the bulk of change that we will be seeing in
rehab)
Unmasking is an example of which form of neuroplasticity?
a) Change the properties of neurotransmission
b) Change cell properties
,c) Structural/anatomical changes in cells - CORRECT ANSWER - c)
Structural/anatomical changes in cells
Which of the following is responsible for the phenomenon known as phantom limb syndrome?
a) unmasking
b) collateral sprouting
c) dendritic pruning
d) neurogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - a) unmasking
How does dendritic pruning change the function of the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER - It
changes the size and shape of the cell, which therefore changes the function.
True or False: Dendritic pruning happens immediately after an injury. - CORRECT
ANSWER - False. (it takes time, as the dendrites will stay there for a while hoping that
new inputs will come in and try to connect)
Why does the body undergo dendritic pruning? - CORRECT ANSWER - Dendrites
without input are metabolically costly, and we don't want to waste energy sustaining something
that is not contributing to anything
True or False: Collateral sprouting is activity dependent. - CORRECT ANSWER - True.
True or False: An injury is required to drive collateral sprouting. - CORRECT ANSWER -
False. (Think about monkey's fingers that were stimulated. If something is being used a lot, it
will take over territory that is not being used that much - no injury involved)
What are 3 pieces of evidence that we have to support that neurogenesis does occur in
adulthood? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Tissues in our body produce new cells (blood,
bone remodelling, etc.)
2. Glial cells produce new cells in response to injury
, 3. Neurogenesis occurs in vertebrate species
In which 2 areas of the brain do neural stem cells exist? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Lateral ventricle
2. Hippocampus
Neurogenesis in the lateral ventricle is involved in which function?
a) Injury repair
b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear
c) Memory retention
d) All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear
(replacing olfactory bulb cells that are being sloughed off every time we sneeze or blow our
nose)
Neurogenesis in the hippocampus is involved in which function?
a) Injury repair
b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear
c) Memory retention
d) All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - c) Memory retention
What is the leading hypothesis for how we replace locked memories? - CORRECT
ANSWER - There is a high turnover rate in a very specialized region on the hippocampus
(we destroy the cell and replace it with something new, resulting in changes to the entire
network)
Which of the following do we know that the human system is incapable of doing?
a) Carrying out neurogenesis in the adult nervous system
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Where in the cell do action potentials exist?
a) cell body
b) axons
c) dendrites
d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - b) axons
Where in the cell is information received?
a) cell body
b) axons
c) dendrites
d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - c) dendrites
Put the following steps of transmitting an action potential into the correct order.
a) Receptor molecules open up ion channels
b) Action potential activates synaptic bouton
c) Neurotransmitter diffuses across gap to postsynaptic cleft
d) Synaptic vesicles releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
e) Ions flow through into postsynaptic cell
f) Neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecule on postsynaptic cell - CORRECT
ANSWER - b) Action potential activates synaptic bouton
d) Synaptic vesicles releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
c) Neurotransmitter diffuses across gap to postsynaptic cleft
,f) Neurotransmitter binds to receptor molecule on postsynaptic cell
a) Receptor molecules open up ion channels
e) Ions flow through into postsynaptic cell
True or False: Cells receive input from multiple sources coming onto the cell body and dendrites.
- CORRECT ANSWER - True.
What are 2 ways that one can change the properties of neurotransmission (forms of
neuroplasticity)? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Change in neurotransmitter release
2. Change in the size or shape of the post-synaptic potential
What are 3 forms of neuroplasticity that result in a change in cell properties? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1. Changing size or shape of cell
2. Changing electrical properties (resistance)
3. Changing the leakiness of the membrane
What are the 3 overarching forms of neuroplasticity? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Change
the properties of neurotransmission
2. Change cell properties
3. Structural/anatomical changes in cells
True or False: the bulk of the (neuroplasticity) changes that we see in rehab are a result of
structural or anatomical changes in cells. - CORRECT ANSWER - False. (This form of
neuroplasticity takes a lot of time, and this is not the bulk of change that we will be seeing in
rehab)
Unmasking is an example of which form of neuroplasticity?
a) Change the properties of neurotransmission
b) Change cell properties
,c) Structural/anatomical changes in cells - CORRECT ANSWER - c)
Structural/anatomical changes in cells
Which of the following is responsible for the phenomenon known as phantom limb syndrome?
a) unmasking
b) collateral sprouting
c) dendritic pruning
d) neurogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - a) unmasking
How does dendritic pruning change the function of the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER - It
changes the size and shape of the cell, which therefore changes the function.
True or False: Dendritic pruning happens immediately after an injury. - CORRECT
ANSWER - False. (it takes time, as the dendrites will stay there for a while hoping that
new inputs will come in and try to connect)
Why does the body undergo dendritic pruning? - CORRECT ANSWER - Dendrites
without input are metabolically costly, and we don't want to waste energy sustaining something
that is not contributing to anything
True or False: Collateral sprouting is activity dependent. - CORRECT ANSWER - True.
True or False: An injury is required to drive collateral sprouting. - CORRECT ANSWER -
False. (Think about monkey's fingers that were stimulated. If something is being used a lot, it
will take over territory that is not being used that much - no injury involved)
What are 3 pieces of evidence that we have to support that neurogenesis does occur in
adulthood? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Tissues in our body produce new cells (blood,
bone remodelling, etc.)
2. Glial cells produce new cells in response to injury
, 3. Neurogenesis occurs in vertebrate species
In which 2 areas of the brain do neural stem cells exist? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Lateral ventricle
2. Hippocampus
Neurogenesis in the lateral ventricle is involved in which function?
a) Injury repair
b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear
c) Memory retention
d) All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear
(replacing olfactory bulb cells that are being sloughed off every time we sneeze or blow our
nose)
Neurogenesis in the hippocampus is involved in which function?
a) Injury repair
b) Replacing cells lost in wear and tear
c) Memory retention
d) All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER - c) Memory retention
What is the leading hypothesis for how we replace locked memories? - CORRECT
ANSWER - There is a high turnover rate in a very specialized region on the hippocampus
(we destroy the cell and replace it with something new, resulting in changes to the entire
network)
Which of the following do we know that the human system is incapable of doing?
a) Carrying out neurogenesis in the adult nervous system
