NSG 530 Exam 1 Questions And
Answers
Interphase - Correct Answer - cell feeds, metabolizes and grows while replicating
DNA in preparation for mitosis
Prophase - Correct Answer - first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
Metaphase - Correct Answer - Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of cell
(chromatid) - 46 each side
Anaphase - Correct Answer - Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled
apart
Telophase - Correct Answer - New nuclear membrane formed around each group of
46 chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
Nondisjunction - Correct Answer - Error in meiosis in which homologous
chromosomes fail to separate.
Polyploidy - Correct Answer - condition in which an organism has extra sets of
chromosomes
Triploidy - Correct Answer - when an organism has three copies of every
chromsome instead of two
Tetrapoloidy - Correct Answer - euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually
does not survive
Huntington's disease - Correct Answer - Single gene disorder (trinucleotide repeat
mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
Cystic fibrosis - Correct Answer - Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened secretions,
digestive issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
, Turner syndrome - Correct Answer - XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy of X-
affects females
Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped breasts but female genitalia, usually
sterile
Down syndrome - Correct Answer - Chromosomal disorder, trisomy 21
Affects both sexes
Intellectual disability, poor muscle tone, low nasal bridge, low set ears, protruding
tongue, epicanthal fold
Fragile X syndrome - Correct Answer - Chromosomal disorder (break in long arm of
X)
Higher prevalence in males
Intellectual disability
Klinefelter syndrome - Correct Answer - (XXY) chromosomal disorder 1:1000 male
births
Male appearance, sparse body hair, mild intellectual disability
Atrophy - Correct Answer - Decrease in cell size
"When cast is removed from left calf, it is smaller than the right calf"
Hypertrophy - Correct Answer - Increase in cell size
"Captain of roller derby team has greater thigh diameter at the end of the season
than at the beginning of the season"
Hyperplasia - Correct Answer - Increase in cell number
"Lining of uterus thickens after ovulation because of increased amounts of
estrogen"
"Liver regenerates after surgical removal of damaged portion"
Metaplasia - Correct Answer - Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by
another, less mature cell type or change in cell phenotype
"Columnar epithelium in bronchi of cigarette smoker is replaced by stratified
squamous epithelium after smoking cessation"
Dysplasia - Correct Answer - Deranged cellular growth, is not considered a true
cellular adaption but rather atypical hyperplasia
"Cells of the cervix can be classified on PAP as high grade or low grade depending
on how abnormal the cells have become in size and shape"
What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia? - Correct Answer -
Hypertrophy (a form of anabolism) increases tissue mass by keeping the same
Answers
Interphase - Correct Answer - cell feeds, metabolizes and grows while replicating
DNA in preparation for mitosis
Prophase - Correct Answer - first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
Metaphase - Correct Answer - Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of cell
(chromatid) - 46 each side
Anaphase - Correct Answer - Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled
apart
Telophase - Correct Answer - New nuclear membrane formed around each group of
46 chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
Nondisjunction - Correct Answer - Error in meiosis in which homologous
chromosomes fail to separate.
Polyploidy - Correct Answer - condition in which an organism has extra sets of
chromosomes
Triploidy - Correct Answer - when an organism has three copies of every
chromsome instead of two
Tetrapoloidy - Correct Answer - euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually
does not survive
Huntington's disease - Correct Answer - Single gene disorder (trinucleotide repeat
mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
Cystic fibrosis - Correct Answer - Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened secretions,
digestive issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
, Turner syndrome - Correct Answer - XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy of X-
affects females
Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped breasts but female genitalia, usually
sterile
Down syndrome - Correct Answer - Chromosomal disorder, trisomy 21
Affects both sexes
Intellectual disability, poor muscle tone, low nasal bridge, low set ears, protruding
tongue, epicanthal fold
Fragile X syndrome - Correct Answer - Chromosomal disorder (break in long arm of
X)
Higher prevalence in males
Intellectual disability
Klinefelter syndrome - Correct Answer - (XXY) chromosomal disorder 1:1000 male
births
Male appearance, sparse body hair, mild intellectual disability
Atrophy - Correct Answer - Decrease in cell size
"When cast is removed from left calf, it is smaller than the right calf"
Hypertrophy - Correct Answer - Increase in cell size
"Captain of roller derby team has greater thigh diameter at the end of the season
than at the beginning of the season"
Hyperplasia - Correct Answer - Increase in cell number
"Lining of uterus thickens after ovulation because of increased amounts of
estrogen"
"Liver regenerates after surgical removal of damaged portion"
Metaplasia - Correct Answer - Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by
another, less mature cell type or change in cell phenotype
"Columnar epithelium in bronchi of cigarette smoker is replaced by stratified
squamous epithelium after smoking cessation"
Dysplasia - Correct Answer - Deranged cellular growth, is not considered a true
cellular adaption but rather atypical hyperplasia
"Cells of the cervix can be classified on PAP as high grade or low grade depending
on how abnormal the cells have become in size and shape"
What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia? - Correct Answer -
Hypertrophy (a form of anabolism) increases tissue mass by keeping the same
