HKIN 191 Midterm Study Guide
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Carbohydrates - ✔✔Macronutrients providing energy, covered up to the lecture.
Homeostasis - ✔✔The body's tendency to maintain internal stability, crucial for resting
conditions.
Pulse Wave Velocity - ✔✔Measure of aortal stiffness, calculated using distance and
time, with a cut-off between 9.9 - 13.0 m/s.
Preload - ✔✔Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole, increased in
hypervolemia and regurgitation.
Afterload - ✔✔Resistance the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood, increased
in hypertension and vasoconstriction.
Systole - ✔✔Period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart, used to measure aortal
compliance and stiffness.
Diastole - ✔✔Period of relaxation in the ventricles, involving passive and active filling
of the heart with blood.
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, Arterial Stiffness - ✔✔Rigidity of blood vessels increasing reverb back to the heart,
leading to higher blood pressure.
Arterial Compliance - ✔✔Ability of the blood vessel wall to expand and contract
passively with changes in pressure, calculated by change in Volume by change in
Pressure.
Perfusion Pressure - ✔✔The pressure from the arterial side to the venous side of the
vessel.
Transmural Pressure - ✔✔The pressure difference across the vessel wall.
Left Ventricle - ✔✔Part of the heart responsible for inducing blood flow through the
body and allowing it to fill up with more blood.
Aorta - ✔✔The opening in the heart through which oxygenated blood flows out from
the left ventricle.
Tonometer - ✔✔Instrument for measuring the pressure of blood vessels.
Carotid Artery - ✔✔Major artery in the neck where the pulse can be felt.
Femoral Artery - ✔✔Major artery supplying blood to the legs through the hip.
Anatomy - ✔✔The structure of the body, the individual parts separated.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Carbohydrates - ✔✔Macronutrients providing energy, covered up to the lecture.
Homeostasis - ✔✔The body's tendency to maintain internal stability, crucial for resting
conditions.
Pulse Wave Velocity - ✔✔Measure of aortal stiffness, calculated using distance and
time, with a cut-off between 9.9 - 13.0 m/s.
Preload - ✔✔Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole, increased in
hypervolemia and regurgitation.
Afterload - ✔✔Resistance the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood, increased
in hypertension and vasoconstriction.
Systole - ✔✔Period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart, used to measure aortal
compliance and stiffness.
Diastole - ✔✔Period of relaxation in the ventricles, involving passive and active filling
of the heart with blood.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
, Arterial Stiffness - ✔✔Rigidity of blood vessels increasing reverb back to the heart,
leading to higher blood pressure.
Arterial Compliance - ✔✔Ability of the blood vessel wall to expand and contract
passively with changes in pressure, calculated by change in Volume by change in
Pressure.
Perfusion Pressure - ✔✔The pressure from the arterial side to the venous side of the
vessel.
Transmural Pressure - ✔✔The pressure difference across the vessel wall.
Left Ventricle - ✔✔Part of the heart responsible for inducing blood flow through the
body and allowing it to fill up with more blood.
Aorta - ✔✔The opening in the heart through which oxygenated blood flows out from
the left ventricle.
Tonometer - ✔✔Instrument for measuring the pressure of blood vessels.
Carotid Artery - ✔✔Major artery in the neck where the pulse can be felt.
Femoral Artery - ✔✔Major artery supplying blood to the legs through the hip.
Anatomy - ✔✔The structure of the body, the individual parts separated.
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
