RELIAS DYSRHYTHMIAS & TREATMENTS
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT 2024 QUESTIONS
& ACCURATE ANSWERS
What are cardiac dysrhythmias? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅abnormal rhythms of the
heart's electrical system that can affect its ability to effectively pump oxygenated blood
throughout the body
What are the two questions you ask yourself when you have a patient with a dysrhythmia? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Is the patient symptomatic? (diaphoresis, light headed,
unresponsive, decreased LOC, decreased BP, tachy/brady)
2. Is the heart going to wear out keeping this up?
Electrical changes in cardiac cells primarily involve the movement of what across the cell
membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The movement of Na+, K+ and Ca++ across the
cell membrane
What happens to the cardiac cells during the resting state (polarization)? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅cells in ready state and no current is flowing
What happens to the cardiac cells during depolarization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Na+
rushes into cell
↓
Ca++ enters slowly, as K+ leaves slowly
↓
This electrical activity stimulates cells to contract
What happens to the cardiac cells during repolarization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅cells
return to resting state
,What is the inherent rate of the SA node at rest? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅60-100
Where is the SA node located? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Right atrium
After the SA node and the atria, where does the impulse go? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅AV node
Describe the normal conduction pathway, step by step: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The
sino-atrial (SA) node
↓
The atrio-ventricular (AV) node
↓
The bundle of His
↓
The left and right bundle branches
↓
The Purkinje fibres
Define automaticity: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the ability of myocardial cells to
*initiate* electrical impulses
(the SA node, AV node, His-Purkinjie are considered to be the "pacemaker" cells)
Define excitability: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ability of the myocardial cells to respond
to electrical stimulus
Define conductivity: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ability of the myocardial cells to receive
electrical stimulus and send it on
, Define contractility: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ability of myocardial cells to contract in
response to electrical stimuli
Where does the white lead go when placing the 5 electrodes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅"White on the right" (underneath the clavicle)
Where does the black lead go when placing the 5 electrodes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅"Smoke above fire" (underneath the left clavicle)
Where does the red lead go when placing the 5 electrodes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅"Fire!" (below the smoke, or the black lead, at the base of the left rib cage)
Where does the green lead go when placing the 5 electrodes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅"Clouds above grass" (below the white and brown, at the base of the right
rib cage, directly across from the red)
Where does the brown lead go when placing the 5 electrodes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅A dog taking a pooo below the white clouds onto the green grass below
ahaha
What does the P wave represent? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅atrial depolarization
What does the QRS represent? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ventricular depolarization
What does the T wave represent? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ventricular repolarization
What's the refractory period consist of? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The recovery period
after a cell is stimulated until it's ready for another stimulus
What are the two types of refractory periods? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. absolute
refractory period: period when NO IMPULSE can initiate another response
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT 2024 QUESTIONS
& ACCURATE ANSWERS
What are cardiac dysrhythmias? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅abnormal rhythms of the
heart's electrical system that can affect its ability to effectively pump oxygenated blood
throughout the body
What are the two questions you ask yourself when you have a patient with a dysrhythmia? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Is the patient symptomatic? (diaphoresis, light headed,
unresponsive, decreased LOC, decreased BP, tachy/brady)
2. Is the heart going to wear out keeping this up?
Electrical changes in cardiac cells primarily involve the movement of what across the cell
membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The movement of Na+, K+ and Ca++ across the
cell membrane
What happens to the cardiac cells during the resting state (polarization)? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅cells in ready state and no current is flowing
What happens to the cardiac cells during depolarization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Na+
rushes into cell
↓
Ca++ enters slowly, as K+ leaves slowly
↓
This electrical activity stimulates cells to contract
What happens to the cardiac cells during repolarization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅cells
return to resting state
,What is the inherent rate of the SA node at rest? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅60-100
Where is the SA node located? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Right atrium
After the SA node and the atria, where does the impulse go? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅AV node
Describe the normal conduction pathway, step by step: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The
sino-atrial (SA) node
↓
The atrio-ventricular (AV) node
↓
The bundle of His
↓
The left and right bundle branches
↓
The Purkinje fibres
Define automaticity: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the ability of myocardial cells to
*initiate* electrical impulses
(the SA node, AV node, His-Purkinjie are considered to be the "pacemaker" cells)
Define excitability: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ability of the myocardial cells to respond
to electrical stimulus
Define conductivity: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ability of the myocardial cells to receive
electrical stimulus and send it on
, Define contractility: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ability of myocardial cells to contract in
response to electrical stimuli
Where does the white lead go when placing the 5 electrodes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅"White on the right" (underneath the clavicle)
Where does the black lead go when placing the 5 electrodes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅"Smoke above fire" (underneath the left clavicle)
Where does the red lead go when placing the 5 electrodes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅"Fire!" (below the smoke, or the black lead, at the base of the left rib cage)
Where does the green lead go when placing the 5 electrodes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅"Clouds above grass" (below the white and brown, at the base of the right
rib cage, directly across from the red)
Where does the brown lead go when placing the 5 electrodes? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅A dog taking a pooo below the white clouds onto the green grass below
ahaha
What does the P wave represent? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅atrial depolarization
What does the QRS represent? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ventricular depolarization
What does the T wave represent? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ventricular repolarization
What's the refractory period consist of? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The recovery period
after a cell is stimulated until it's ready for another stimulus
What are the two types of refractory periods? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. absolute
refractory period: period when NO IMPULSE can initiate another response
