NR 293 Final Review Exam Questions
And All Complete Solutions.
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) - Answer beta-1 selective vasoactive adrenergic drug
miscellaneous HF drug
increases cardiac output via increase contractility (positive inotropy)
increases stroke volume (esp. HF patients)
Heparin MOA - Answer prevents new clots and enlargement of existing
binds to antithrombin III
inactivating several main clotting factors
-activated factor II (thrombin)
-activated factor X
-activated factor IX
Warfarin (Coumadin) MOA - Answer prevents clot formation
inhibits vit. K synthesis by bacteria in GI tract
inhibits clotting factors (in liver)
-II
-VII
-IX
,-X
antidote for heparin - Answer protamine sulfate
antidote for warfarin (coumadin) - Answer Vit K
lab values/monitoring for heparin - Answer aPTT (every 6 hrs. until therapeutic effect seen)
lab values/monitoring for warfarin (coumadin) - Answer prothrombin time/international normalized
ration (PT/INR)
normal INR (w/o drug) = 1
INR w/ drug = 2-3.5
Lower INR patients >65
Aspirin adverse effects - Answer drowsiness
dizziness
confusion
flushing
nausea
vomiting
GI bleeding
thrombocytopenia
agranulocytosis
leukopenia
neutropenia
hemolytic anemia
,bleeding
Warfarin (Coumadin) Herbal interactions - Answer dong quai
garlic
gingko
**increased INR = increased bleeding risk
St. Johns wart
**decreased effectiveness
Antiplatelets herbal interactions - Answer garlic
ginko
kava
**increased risk bleeding
Niacin (vit B3) MOA - Answer increase activity of lipase = breaks down lipids
reduces metabolism/catabolism cholesterol & triglycerides
inhibit lipolysis (adipose tissue)
decrease esterification triglycerides
release histamines = increases gastric motility/acid secretion
stimulate fibrinolytic system break down fibrin clots
Niacin (vit B3) indications - Answer lower triglycerides
, lower total serum cholesterol
lower LDL levels
increase HDL levels
treat hyperlipidemia types:
-IIa
-IIb
-III
-IV
-V
Niacin (Vit. B3) - Adverse effects - Answer abdominal discomfort
cutaneous flushing
pruritus
blurred vision
glucose intolerance
hepatotoxicity
Niacin (Vit B3) effects on triglyceride levels - Answer begin 1-4 days after therapy
max effects 3-5 weeks continuous therapy
Niacin (Vit B3) contraindications - Answer liver disease
peptic ulcer disease
active hemorrhagic process
lactating women
gout
And All Complete Solutions.
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) - Answer beta-1 selective vasoactive adrenergic drug
miscellaneous HF drug
increases cardiac output via increase contractility (positive inotropy)
increases stroke volume (esp. HF patients)
Heparin MOA - Answer prevents new clots and enlargement of existing
binds to antithrombin III
inactivating several main clotting factors
-activated factor II (thrombin)
-activated factor X
-activated factor IX
Warfarin (Coumadin) MOA - Answer prevents clot formation
inhibits vit. K synthesis by bacteria in GI tract
inhibits clotting factors (in liver)
-II
-VII
-IX
,-X
antidote for heparin - Answer protamine sulfate
antidote for warfarin (coumadin) - Answer Vit K
lab values/monitoring for heparin - Answer aPTT (every 6 hrs. until therapeutic effect seen)
lab values/monitoring for warfarin (coumadin) - Answer prothrombin time/international normalized
ration (PT/INR)
normal INR (w/o drug) = 1
INR w/ drug = 2-3.5
Lower INR patients >65
Aspirin adverse effects - Answer drowsiness
dizziness
confusion
flushing
nausea
vomiting
GI bleeding
thrombocytopenia
agranulocytosis
leukopenia
neutropenia
hemolytic anemia
,bleeding
Warfarin (Coumadin) Herbal interactions - Answer dong quai
garlic
gingko
**increased INR = increased bleeding risk
St. Johns wart
**decreased effectiveness
Antiplatelets herbal interactions - Answer garlic
ginko
kava
**increased risk bleeding
Niacin (vit B3) MOA - Answer increase activity of lipase = breaks down lipids
reduces metabolism/catabolism cholesterol & triglycerides
inhibit lipolysis (adipose tissue)
decrease esterification triglycerides
release histamines = increases gastric motility/acid secretion
stimulate fibrinolytic system break down fibrin clots
Niacin (vit B3) indications - Answer lower triglycerides
, lower total serum cholesterol
lower LDL levels
increase HDL levels
treat hyperlipidemia types:
-IIa
-IIb
-III
-IV
-V
Niacin (Vit. B3) - Adverse effects - Answer abdominal discomfort
cutaneous flushing
pruritus
blurred vision
glucose intolerance
hepatotoxicity
Niacin (Vit B3) effects on triglyceride levels - Answer begin 1-4 days after therapy
max effects 3-5 weeks continuous therapy
Niacin (Vit B3) contraindications - Answer liver disease
peptic ulcer disease
active hemorrhagic process
lactating women
gout
