Instructor solution manual for law for business 15th edition barnes chapter 1 47

INSTUCTOR MANUAL FOR n n


Law for Business 15e Barnes
n n n n



Chapter 1-47 n




CHAPTER 1: LAW AND LEGAL REASONING
n n n n n




LECTUREnOUTLINE

1. DiscussnthenTwisdalencasenthatnopensnthisnchapter.nItnprovidesnanninterestingnvehiclenfornd
iscussingnthenfunctionsnofnlawnandnlegalninterpretation.

a. Havenyournstudentsnidentifynthenvariousnfunctionsnofnthenlawnandnthenndiscussnwhichnspec
ificnfunctionsnarenfurtherednbynthisnantiretaliationnaspectsnofnthenCivilnRightsnstatute.

b. Innthencontextnofnlegalninterpretation,nthencourtnfoundnthatnTwisdalendidnseemntonbenprotect
ednbasednonnthenliteralnlanguagenofnthenstatute.nHowever,nitnlookednbeyondnthenplainnmeani
ngntonrejectnhisnclaim.nSpecifically,nthencourtnbelievednthatninterpretingnthenlawninnanmanne
rnthatnwouldnprotectnhimnfromnretaliationnwouldnunderminenthenpurposenofnthenstatute.n Itnisn
conceivablenthatnthencourtnisnmotivatednbynpublicnpolicynconcernsnasnwell.

c. Whatndonyournstudentsnthinknofncourtsnwhondonlooknatnintentnandnpublicnpolicy?nUsenthisna
snanlead-innfornandiscussionnofnlegalnjurisprudence.

2. Questionnstudentsnaboutntheirndefinitionsnofn―law.‖nMakencertainntheynunderstandntheni
mportancenofnlawninnallnaspectsnofnournlives.

3. Discussnthenvariousnfunctionsnthatnlawnservesninnsociety.nYounmightndonthisnbynhavingnthenst
udentsnidentifynsomenofnthem.

a. Discussnthenconflictsnthatnarisenbetweennandnamongnthenvariousnfunctionsnofnlaw.nFornexam
ple,ntherenoftennarenconflictsnbetweennthengoalsnofnindividualnfreedomnandnachievingnsocialn
justice.nNotenthenproblemsnthatnarisenwhenntherenisnnonclearnconsensusnonnwhatnisnjust.

b. Asknthenstudentsnifntheynthinknthatnlawnevernisn―overused.‖nTheynarenlikelyntoncitennumerou
snexamples.nForninstance,nthisnmightnbenantimentontalknaboutnthenproductnliabilityncasesnthatn
arenregularlyninnthenheadlines.nPerhapsnthencaseninvolvingnthenwomannwhonburnednherselfn
withncoffeenfromnMcDonald’snwouldnbenappropriatenhere.




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©nMcGrawnHillnLLC.nAllnrightsnreserved.nNonreproductionnorndistributionnwithoutnthenpriornwrittennconsentnofn
McGrawnHillnLLC.

, c. Haventhenstudentsndiscussnwhatnitnmeansntonhaventhenlawnmaintainnorder.nYounmightnasknst
udentsnifnmaintainingnordernmeansnmaintainingnthenstatusnquo.nThisncannleadntonandiscussi
onnofnlegalnrealismnandnviewsnthatnlawnisnusednbynthoseninnpowerntonretainntheirnpower.

4. Therenisnantendencynfornpeoplentonthinknofnlawnasnimposingndutiesnwithoutnconsideringnhownitne
stablishesnandnpreservesnrights.nTalknaboutnhownournsystemntriesntonmatchnrightsnwithncorrespo
ndingnduties.

a. Explainnhownduties,nrights,nandnprivilegesnmakenupnsubstantivenlaw.

b. Explainnthatnproceduralnlawnprovidesnthenframeworknwithinnwhichnsubstantivenlawsnarenc
reatednandnenforced.nPointnoutnthatnChaptersn2nandn4noffernanmorendetailedndiscussionnofnpr
oceduralnlaw.

5. Asknthenstudentsntonthinknofnannexamplenofnandutynimposednbynsubstantivenlawnthatnmightnviola
tensomenmoralnornethicalnbelief.nThisnmightnbenangoodntimentontalknaboutnthenvariousnschoolsnofn
legalnjurisprudence.nHaventhemnspeculatenhownanlegalnpositivistnwouldndiffernfromnanlegalnsoci
ologistnornnaturalnlawntheoristninnhandlingnsuchnsituations.

6. Contrastncriminalnlawnwithncivilnlaw.

a. Pointnoutnthatnsocietynconsidersnitnmuchnworsentonbenconvictednofnancrimenthanntonbenheldnci
villynliable.nExplainnhow,nasnanresult,ntherenarenmorenexactingnproceduralnsafeguardsntonpro
tectnandefendantninnancriminalntrialnthanninnancivilntrial.

b. Notenthendifferencenbetweenncompensatoryndamagesnandnpunitivendamages.nDiscussnthenc
urrentnuproarnovernpunitivendamagesnandnthenSupremenCourt’snattemptntonreinnthemnin.nSe
enStatenFarmnMutualnAutomobilenInsurancenv.nCampbell,n123nS.Ct.n1513n(U.S.nSup.nCt.n
2003)n(establishingnguidepostsnforncalculatingnpunitivendamages).nPunitivendamagesnaren
discussednfurtherninnChaptern6.

c. Pointnoutnthatnoftennonencannbensubjectntonsanctionsnundernbothncriminalnandncivilnlawsn
withoutnviolatingnthenproscriptionnagainstn―doublenjeopardy.‖nFindnoutnifnthenstudentsnth
inknthatnpunitivendamagesninnancivilntrial,ncouplednwithnfinesninnancriminalntrial,nconstitu
tenantypenofndoublenjeopardy.

Marinellonv.nUnitednStates

MarinellonwasnchargednwithnthencrimenofncorruptlynimpedingnthenduenadministrationnofnthenTaxnC
odenafternhenengagedninnseveralnactivitiesnthatnunderreportednhisntaxablenincome.nHowever,nthe
U.S.nSupremenCourtnoverturnednhisncriminalnconvictionnbecausenMarinellonwasnunawarenthatnhen
wasnundern IRSninvestigationnatnthentimenofnhisnactivities.nCitingnthenneedntonconstruencriminal



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©nMcGrawnHillnLLC.nAllnrightsnreserved.nNonreproductionnorndistributionnwithoutnthenpriornwrittennconsentnofn
McGrawnHillnLLC.

,statutesnnarrowly,nthenCourtnrulednthatnthenparticularnstatute—thenOmnibusnClause—
didnnotncovernallnactivitiesnthatnunderreportednincome.nThenCourtnbelievednthatnthenstatutencoverednan
narrowernrangenofnactivitiesnaimedndirectlynatnthwartingnthenactivitiesnofninvestigationsnwhennthenta
xpayernknewnornshouldnhavenknownnanninvestigationnwasnunderway.

PointsnfornDiscussion:nThisncasenisnplacedninnthentextnasnannexamplenofnthengeneralnrulesnunderlyi
ngncriminalnlaw.nSpecifically,nanpersonngenerallyncannotnbenconvictednofnancrimenunlessnhenornshen
violatesnanstatute.nHowever,nsuchnstatutesnmustnbenobjectivelynclearntonanreasonablenperson.nThisn
Government’sninterpretationnofnthisnstatutenwasnbelievedntongrantnthenGovernmentntoonmuchndisc
retionninndeterminingnwhatnconstitutednancrime.

7. Thenbriefnintroductionntonournlegalnsystemnshouldnbenanreviewnfornmostnstudents.

a. ThenconstitutionalnlawnmaterialnisnmorenheavilyndiscussedninnChaptern4.nAnnargumentncannb
enmadenfornitntonbenpresentednimmediatelynfollowingnthisnchapter.nHowever,nwenbelievenstu
dentsnshouldnfirstnreviewnChaptern2’sndiscussionnofnthendisputenresolutionnsystem.

b. Talknaboutnthenrolenofnthencourtsninndeterminingnthenconstitutionalitynofnlegislation.nDont
heynbelieventhisngivesnthencourtsntoonmuchnpower?

c. Explainnthenrelationshipnbetweennstatenlawsnandnfederalnlaws.nMakencertainnthenstudentsnun
derstandnthatnstatenlawsnmaynnotnviolatenthenfederalnconstitutionnandnmustnbenconsistentnwit
hnfederalnstatutes.

HenrynScheinnv.nArchern&nWhitenSales

ThenFederalnArbitrationnActnprovidesnthatnpartiesnmay,nthroughntheirnpowerntoncontract,nagreenthatnt
heirndisputesnwillnbenarbitrated.nInnaddition,nthenActnallowsnthosensamenpartiesntonagreenthatnannarbit
rator,nrathernthannancourt,nwillndeterminenwhethernthatnarbitrationnclausenappliesntonanynparticularndi
sputentheynmaynhave.nHowever,nseveralnfederalnappellatencourtsncarvednoutnan―whollyngroundless‖ne
xceptionntonthenlatternrulenbynwhichntheynallowedncourtsntonconcludenthatnarbitrationnwasnnotnappro
priatenwhennthencourtnbelievednthenclaimnofnarbitrabilitynwasngroundless.nInnthisncase,nthenU.S.nSupr
emenCourt,ncitingnbothnthenstatutenandnSupremenCourtnprecedent,nrulednthatnthe
―whollyngroundless‖nexceptionnwasnimpermissiblenbecausenitncontradictednthenstatute.

PointsnfornDiscussion:nThisncasenisnannexamplenofnthenlimitsnonnthenjudiciary’sndiscretionnundernt
hencommonnlaw.nItnillustratesnthatninnthenhierarchynofnlaws,nlegislativenlawnisnsuperiorntonjudge-
nmadenlaw.n Itnalsonillustratesnthenrolenofnprecedentninninterpretingnstatutes.




8. Thenmaterialnonnstatutoryninterpretationncannbenextremelynimportantninnlayingnthenfoundationnf
ornhownlawyersnthink.nMorenimportantly,nitnteachesnstudentsnvaluablencriticalnthinkingnskills.nT
akenthenstudentsnthroughnthenprocessnforninterpretingnstatutes.nYounmayndiscussnstatutoryninter
pretationnandnlegalnjurisprudencentogether.nNotenhownpositivistsnoftennhavenproblems

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©nMcGrawnHillnLLC.nAllnrightsnreserved.nNonreproductionnorndistributionnwithoutnthenpriornwrittennconsentnofn
McGrawnHillnLLC.

, movingnbeyondnthen―plainnmeaning‖nofnwordsnwhilennaturalnlawntheoristsnandnlegalns
ociologistsnarenaccusednofnignoringnthem.

Bostocknv.nClaytonnCounty,nGeorgia

EmployersnarguednthatnCivilnRightsnAct’snprohibitionnagainstndiscriminationnbasednonnsexndidnnotnp
rotectnemployeesnwhonwerenfirednbecausentheynwerenhomosexualnorntransgender.nThenemployersnas
sertednthatnthenlawnshouldnnotnbenexpandedntonprotectnthesenemployeesnbecausenthenlegislatorsnwhon
originallynenactednthenstatutenwouldnnotnhavenenvisionednitnbeingnextendedninnthisnway.nThe
U.S.nSupremenCourtndisagreed.nItnfoundnnonambiguityninnthenplainnmeaningnofnthenstatute—
thenCourtnbelievednthenstatutorynlanguagenclearlynprohibitednsuchndiscriminationnbecausenitnwasnbas
ednonnsex.

PointsnfornDiscussion:nExplainnhownthencourtnrefusedntonlooknbeyondnthenplainnmeaningnofnthensta
tute,nconcludingnthatnitnwouldnbenwrongntonattemptntongleannthenintentnofneachnlegislatornwhonvote
dnfornthenlaw.nDiscussnwhethernthisnopinionnisntrulynlegalnpositivistninnnature.nExplorenhownitnmight
nhavenundertonesnofnlegalnsociology.




9. Discussnthenconceptnofnstarendecisis.

a. Notenhownstarendecisisnpromotesnstability.

Stewartnv.nJustice

Restaurantnownersnaskednthencourtntonenjoinnenforcementnofnannexecutivenordernrequiringnrestaur
antnemployeesnandncustomersntonwearnmasks.nThencourtnupheldnthenMasknMandate,nreasoningnth
atnitnwasnreasonablyndesignedntonprotectnthenhealthnofnthenpublicnfromnthenspreadnofnthenCOVIDnvi
rus.

PointsnfornDiscussion:nUsenthisncasentonexplainnthenprocessnofnstarendecisis.nNotenhownthencourt,nin
nthenabsencenofnclearnprecedentndealingnwithnCOVIDnrestrictions,nlookednfornguidancentonansmallp

oxncasendecidednbynthenU.S.nSupremenCourtnmorenthann100nyearsnago.nYounmightnalsonusenthisncase
ntondiscussnexecutivenordersnandntheirnplaceninnthenhierarchynofnlegalnrules.nExplainnhownexecutiven

ordersnmaynnotnviolatenconstitutionalnprotections.nThisncasenisnalsonconnectedntonChaptern4nandnitsn
discussionnofnduenprocess.

a. Notenhownstarendecisisnpermitsnchange.

b. Explainnhownthenrulenagainstnexnpostnfactonlawsndoesnnotnapplyntoninstancesnwherenthenc
ourtnhasnreinterpretednanstatute.nDiscussnhownthisncannposenproblemsnfornpeoplenwhonrel
iednonnthenoriginalninterpretation.



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©nMcGrawnHillnLLC.nAllnrightsnreserved.nNonreproductionnorndistributionnwithoutnthenpriornwrittennconsentnofn
McGrawnHillnLLC.