NUR634 - Midterm Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Version (Graded A+)

NUR634 - Midterm Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Version (Graded A+) Posterior Tibial pulse - Answers Palpate on inner aspect on ankle below & slightly behind the medial malleolus Dorsalis Pedis pulse - Answers Palpate lightly over dorsum of foot between the extension tendons of the first and second toes to assess for perfusion Brachial Pulse - Answers Palpate in the groove between the biceps & triceps muscle just medial to the biceps tendon to the antecubital fossa Temporal Pulse - Answers Palpate over temporal bone on each side of head lateral to each eyebrow. CAROTID PULSE - Answers o To assess amplitude & contour, patient should be supine with HOB about 30 degrees. o Inspect the neck for carotid pulsations, often visible just medial to the SCM muscles. o Then place index & middle fingers or left thumb on right carotid artery in lower third of neck & palpate pulsations. o Press just inside the medial border of relaxed SCM muscle, roughly at level of cricoid cartilage. Femoral pulse - Answers press deeply, below inguinal ligament & about midway between anterior superior iliac spine & symphysis pubis. Radial Pulse - Answers Palpate at radial or thumb sides of forearm at the wrist Popliteal pulse - Answers Patient's knee somewhat flexed, with leg relaxed. Placed fingertips of both hands so they just meet in the middle behind the knee, press them deeply into popliteal fossa Pre-hypertension - Answers o Systolic BP: 120-139 o Diastolic BP: 80-89 Stage I Hypertension - Answers o Age ≥ 18 to 60 years Systolic BP: 140-159 Diastolic BP: 90-99 o Age ≥ 60 years Systolic BP: 150-159 Diastolic BP: 90-99 Stage 2 Hypertension - Answers Systolic BP: ≥ 160 Diastolic BP: ≥ 100 o If DM or renal disease (including age ≥ 60 yrs) § Systolic BP: 140 § Diastolic BP: 90 Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm - Answers severe tearing knifelike pain, radiating from chest through to back, -unequal pulses/BP -pulsating abdominal mass Percussion sounds: Abdomen - Answers Tympany due to gas of GI tract Scattered areas of dullness from fluid or feces On right: dullness of liver Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) - Answers Used to screen for cognitive dysfunction or dementia and to follow course over time Not diagnostic. Dysphagia - Answers Difficulty swallowing dysphagia causes - Answers altered nerve function (CN V, IX, XII) (or stroke) cancer of the esophagus scarring esophageal disorders such as: chemical burn, diffuse spasm, GERD, hiatal hernia Medications that cause diarrhea - Answers Penicillins, Macrolides, magnesium-based antacids, metformin & herbal meds cause diarrhea Sensitivity - Answers Probability that a person with disease has a positive test Negative result from high sensitivity test usually excludes disease o SnNOUT - a Sensitive test with a Negative result rules OUT disease Specificity - Answers ·Probability that a non-disease person has negative test o Positive results in high specificity test (very low false-positive) indicates disease. o SpPIN - a Specific test with a Positive result rules IN disease Validity - Answers · Does test provide valid results? · Compare test vs. gold standard (biopsy, colonoscopy, psych exam, etc) Prevalence - Answers The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time. predictive value - Answers Extent to which a test can differentiate between presence or absence of a person's condition Five Major Steps to Intervention (The 5 As) - Answers o Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist and Arrange Used for smoking cessation Korotkoff sounds - Answers series of sounds that correspond to changes in blood flow through an artery as pressure is released Condition that causes Hair loss of outer 3rd of eyebrows - Answers Hypothyroidism Risk Factor for Melanoma - Answers Two blistering sun burns in lifetime* ask patient about that ABCDEs of melanoma - Answers asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving (Elevated, Firm to palpation, Growing) Stage I Pressure Injury - Answers Skin intact; Erythema; Does NOT blanch