NUR 160 Exam 2, HONDROS Exam

Hypokalemia and lasix - answerIf pt is Hypokalemic, report to RN before giving Lasix Hypervolemia Causes - answerCKD, liver disease, cirrhosis, CHF, increased salt intake, COPD Hypervolemia Signs and symptoms - answerHeadache, Confusion, Nausea, Vomiting, Coma Hypovolemia Causes - answerVomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no water access, significant injury to skin Moat accurate assessment of water balance - answerdaily weights in similar clothing, same scale, same time- plus or minus 2 lbs per day, plus or minus 5 lbs a week Potassium (K+) - answer3.5-5 Hyperkalemia causes - answerAKD, CKD, severe injuries, supplementation Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms - answermuscle fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia, irritability, Nausea, death Hypokalemia causes - answerdiuretics. Diarrhea, excessive sweating, laxatives, ketoacidosis, alcohol abuse Hypokalemia signs and symptoms - answermuscle cramps, abdominal distention, constipation, arrhythmia Renal Pt Diet - answerlow potassium-no potatoes, oranges, bananas, leafy green veggies, apples, avocados Sodium (Na+) - answer135-145 Hypernatremia Causes - answertoo much salt, rapid infusion of saline, antacids, increased dairy consumption Hypernatremia signs and symptoms - answerdecreased urinary output, firm rubbery tissue turgor, restlessness, agitation, confusion, flushed skin Hyponatremia Causes - answerDiarrhea, gastric suctioning, sweating, Vomiting, low sodium intake, burns, edema/ascites, small bowel obstruction Hyponatremia signs and symptoms - answermuscle weakness, fatigue, Headache, restlessness, irritability, hypotension, Nausea, vomiting Magnesium (MG+) - answer1.5-2.5 Hypermagnesemia Causes - answerTums, CKD, diabetic ketoacidosis Hypermagnesemia signs and symptoms - answerweakness, hypotension, Vomiting, Nausea, coma, death Hypomagnesemia Causes - answeralcoholism, decreased intake of vitamin D, poor absorption