CPHON Cancer Diangoses ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
myeloid cells - CORRECT ANSWER - differentiate into RBCs, platelets, granulocytes,
and monocytes
lymphoid cells - CORRECT ANSWER - differentiate into lymphocytes (B cells & T cells)
myelodysplastic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs when blood-forming cells in
the bone marrow become abnormal; pre-leukemia
1/3 will turn into AML
blasts - CORRECT ANSWER - immature blood cells that grow out of control and crowd
out other "normal" cells
ALL - CORRECT ANSWER - acute lymphocytic leukemia
-originates from the early forms of WBCs- lymphocytes (B cells & T cells)
-S/S: fever, abnormal CBC (anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia), bone pain, splenomegaly,
frequent infections, CNS disease
-Favorable prognosis: between 2-10 years, girl, children that go into remission within 1-2 weeks,
WBC <50,000 at diagnosis
induction therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - the aim is to achieve a remission by
eliminating the lymphoblasts (<5% in the bone marrow) and producing a relatively normal blood
cell count (neutrophils > 1,000 and PLTs >100,000)
drugs: vincristine, pegasparaginase, and a steroid along with CNS prophylaxis (intrathecal MTX
or ARA-C with a steroid)
, consolidation therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - A phase describing treatment after cancer
is in remission, given to keep the cancer in remission
drugs: variety of chemo agents is used, CNS prophylaxis
maintenance therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - aims to prevent the cancer from coming
back; lasts for 2-3 years
drugs: methotrexate and mercaptopurine
AML - CORRECT ANSWER - acute myeloid leukemia
-originates from the myeloid cells that form from WBCs (not lymphocytes), RBCs, and platelets
-most aggressive type of leukemia!!
-S/S: abnormal CBC, fever, pallor, lymphadenopathy, recurrent infections, anorexia/weight loss,
weakness/fatigue, N/V, leukemia cutis
-prognostic factors are not as important in predicting outcomes in AML as for ALL
CML - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic myeloid leukemia
-cells are not as immature as with acute leukemias, cells "look" normal but do not function
normally
-very rare in children
-S/S: bruising/petechiae, fatigue, pallor, anemia, weight loss, malaise, irritability
lymph system - CORRECT ANSWER - network of lymph vessels and nodes (filters for
foreign substances) that carry lymph fluid
Questions and CORRECT Answers
myeloid cells - CORRECT ANSWER - differentiate into RBCs, platelets, granulocytes,
and monocytes
lymphoid cells - CORRECT ANSWER - differentiate into lymphocytes (B cells & T cells)
myelodysplastic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs when blood-forming cells in
the bone marrow become abnormal; pre-leukemia
1/3 will turn into AML
blasts - CORRECT ANSWER - immature blood cells that grow out of control and crowd
out other "normal" cells
ALL - CORRECT ANSWER - acute lymphocytic leukemia
-originates from the early forms of WBCs- lymphocytes (B cells & T cells)
-S/S: fever, abnormal CBC (anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia), bone pain, splenomegaly,
frequent infections, CNS disease
-Favorable prognosis: between 2-10 years, girl, children that go into remission within 1-2 weeks,
WBC <50,000 at diagnosis
induction therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - the aim is to achieve a remission by
eliminating the lymphoblasts (<5% in the bone marrow) and producing a relatively normal blood
cell count (neutrophils > 1,000 and PLTs >100,000)
drugs: vincristine, pegasparaginase, and a steroid along with CNS prophylaxis (intrathecal MTX
or ARA-C with a steroid)
, consolidation therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - A phase describing treatment after cancer
is in remission, given to keep the cancer in remission
drugs: variety of chemo agents is used, CNS prophylaxis
maintenance therapy - CORRECT ANSWER - aims to prevent the cancer from coming
back; lasts for 2-3 years
drugs: methotrexate and mercaptopurine
AML - CORRECT ANSWER - acute myeloid leukemia
-originates from the myeloid cells that form from WBCs (not lymphocytes), RBCs, and platelets
-most aggressive type of leukemia!!
-S/S: abnormal CBC, fever, pallor, lymphadenopathy, recurrent infections, anorexia/weight loss,
weakness/fatigue, N/V, leukemia cutis
-prognostic factors are not as important in predicting outcomes in AML as for ALL
CML - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic myeloid leukemia
-cells are not as immature as with acute leukemias, cells "look" normal but do not function
normally
-very rare in children
-S/S: bruising/petechiae, fatigue, pallor, anemia, weight loss, malaise, irritability
lymph system - CORRECT ANSWER - network of lymph vessels and nodes (filters for
foreign substances) that carry lymph fluid
