, TEST BANK FOR COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE THE BIOLOGY OF THE MIND
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
FIFTH EDITION BY MICHAEL GAZZANIGA, RICHARD B IVRY, GEORGE R
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
MANGUN vv
Chapter 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
LEARNING OBJECTIVES vv
1.1 Explain the origins of the field of cognitive neuroscience.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
1.2 Describe the roots of the debate over localization of function.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
1.3 Explain the ways in which brain structure was studied. vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
1.4 Understand the philosophical origins of cognitive psychology. vv vv vv vv vv vv
1.5 Discuss behaviorism and its principal tenets. vv vv vv vv vv
1.6 Explain how and why cognitive psychology came to the forefront of the psychological fields.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
1.7 Identify the different methods that are used to measure brain function and structure.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
MULTIPLE CHOICE vv
1. What term was coined by Thomas Willis as a consequence of the case of Anne Green?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. psychopathology
b. cognition
c. neurology
d. psychosis
ANS: C v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
2. Aside from saving Anne Green’s life, Thomas Willis and Christopher Wren also
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. created very accurate drawings of the brain. vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. came up with the names of a number of brain structures.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. took the first steps that led to cognitive neuroscience.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. All of the answer options are correct.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: D v v DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1
vv v v MSC: Understanding v v
3. Each of the following are reasons why Willis is considered one of the early figures in
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
cognitive neuroscience EXCEPT:
vv vv vv
a. He named many brain parts.
vv vv vv vv
b. He gave frequent lectures on specific brain regions.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. He was among the first to link behavioral deficits to brain damage.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. He created very accurate brain images.
vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: B v v DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
4. While studying brain function, it is often useful to think of development in terms of
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv ,
which is the perspective of
vv vv vv . vv vv
a. cognition; cognitive neuroscience c. blood flow; magnetic resonance imaging
vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. survival; evolution d. dysfunction; psychopathology
vv v v vv
ANS: B vv DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1 v v MSC: Analyzing v v
, 5. Which stance would most likely hold an assumption that physical elements of the brain are
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
responsible for the conscious mind?
vv vv vv vv vv
a. monism c. dualism
b. behaviorism d. relativism v v
ANS: A vv DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical v v vv vv
Perspective
vv
OBJ: v v 1.1 MSC: Analyzing
6. René Descartes posited that the mind was separate from the body. However, he implicated a
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
single brain structure, the pineal gland, as having what function?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. regulating feelings and emotions c. moderating cognitive processes
vv vv vv vv vv
b. connecting the mind and the body d. adjusting behavior vv vv vv vv vv v v vv
ANS: B v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
7. Considering the perspective recommended for approaching cognitive neuroscience, which of
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
the following would best explain how a cognitive function may have developed?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. learning and reward c. neurological dysfunction
vv vv vv
b. integration with technology d. hunting and gathering vv vv v v vv vv
ANS: D vv DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1 v v MSC: Analyzing v v
8. A central issue of modern cognitive neuroscience is whether specific human cognitive abilities
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. arise from networks of brain areas working together.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. are determined by the shape and size of the human skull or the brain beneath.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. are best studied using the scientific method.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. can be best identified using the Golgi silver method of staining or fMRI.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: A v v DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Understanding v v
9. The discipline of phrenology was founded by
vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. Broca and Wernicke. vv vv c. Ramón y Cajal and Sherrington. vv vv vv vv
b. Fritsch and Hitzig. vv vv d. Gall and Spurzheim.
v v vv vv
ANS: D v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
10. Phrenologists believed that the contour of the skull could provide valuable information about an
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
individual’s cognitive capacities and personality traits. This approach was based on the assumption that
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. skull protrusions are caused by disproportionate development of the brain areas
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. certain traits such as aggressiveness lead to life experiences and injuries that alter
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
the shape of the skull in specific ways.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. life experiences and injuries that alter the shape of the skull in specific ways lead to
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
certain traits, such as aggressiveness.
vv vv vv vv vv
d. the development of the skull bones directly influences the configuration of the soft
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
brain areas beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: A v v DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Evaluating v v
11. Localizationist is to vv vv as holistic is to
vv vv vv .
a. Wernicke; Gall vv c. Flourens; Broca vv
, b. Gall; Flourens vv d. v v Broca; Wernicke vv
ANS: B v v DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Understanding v v
12. Gall’s method for investigating phrenology was flawed because
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. he used the wrong language to explain the characteristics he observed.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. he did not tell Napoleon Bonaparte that he possessed noble characteristics.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. he sought only to confirm, not disprove, the correlations he observed.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. he used his own skull as the base model.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: C v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
13. The view known as aggregate field theory, which stated that the whole brain participates in
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
behavior, is most associated with
vv vv vv vv vv
a. Broca. c. Brodmann.
b. Hughlings Jackson. d. Flourens. vv v v
ANS: D v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
14. The key observation leading John Hughlings Jackson to propose a topographical organization in
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
the cerebral cortex was that
vv vv vv vv vv
a. speech disturbances could be identified by left-hemisphere lesions.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. the two hemispheres of the brain served different functions.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. seizures begin in a localized region of the cortex. vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. focal brain damage causes specific behavioral deficits.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: C v v DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Analyzing v v
15. In developing phrenology, Gall’s main failure was that
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. he did not seek disconfirming evidence.
vv vv vv vv vv
b. he was not a scientist.
vv vv vv vv
c. his method was correlational.
vv vv vv
d. All of the answer options are correct.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: D v v DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Analyzing v v
16. Giovanni visits his local phrenologist. What is this person likely to tell him?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. You are a domineering person.
vv vv vv vv
b. Your father was a very domineering person.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. Your brother is a domineering person.
vv vv vv vv vv
d. Your mother was a very domineering person.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: A v v DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Applying v v
17. The view developed by Marie Jean Pierre Flourens, based on the idea that processes like language
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
and memory cannot be localized within circumscribed brain regions, was known as
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. the neuron doctrine. vv c. rationalism. vv
b. aggregate field theory. d. the law of effect.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
vv ANS: B v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
FIFTH EDITION BY MICHAEL GAZZANIGA, RICHARD B IVRY, GEORGE R
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
MANGUN vv
Chapter 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
LEARNING OBJECTIVES vv
1.1 Explain the origins of the field of cognitive neuroscience.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
1.2 Describe the roots of the debate over localization of function.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
1.3 Explain the ways in which brain structure was studied. vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
1.4 Understand the philosophical origins of cognitive psychology. vv vv vv vv vv vv
1.5 Discuss behaviorism and its principal tenets. vv vv vv vv vv
1.6 Explain how and why cognitive psychology came to the forefront of the psychological fields.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
1.7 Identify the different methods that are used to measure brain function and structure.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
MULTIPLE CHOICE vv
1. What term was coined by Thomas Willis as a consequence of the case of Anne Green?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. psychopathology
b. cognition
c. neurology
d. psychosis
ANS: C v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
2. Aside from saving Anne Green’s life, Thomas Willis and Christopher Wren also
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. created very accurate drawings of the brain. vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. came up with the names of a number of brain structures.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. took the first steps that led to cognitive neuroscience.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. All of the answer options are correct.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: D v v DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1
vv v v MSC: Understanding v v
3. Each of the following are reasons why Willis is considered one of the early figures in
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
cognitive neuroscience EXCEPT:
vv vv vv
a. He named many brain parts.
vv vv vv vv
b. He gave frequent lectures on specific brain regions.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. He was among the first to link behavioral deficits to brain damage.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. He created very accurate brain images.
vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: B v v DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
4. While studying brain function, it is often useful to think of development in terms of
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv ,
which is the perspective of
vv vv vv . vv vv
a. cognition; cognitive neuroscience c. blood flow; magnetic resonance imaging
vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. survival; evolution d. dysfunction; psychopathology
vv v v vv
ANS: B vv DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1 v v MSC: Analyzing v v
, 5. Which stance would most likely hold an assumption that physical elements of the brain are
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
responsible for the conscious mind?
vv vv vv vv vv
a. monism c. dualism
b. behaviorism d. relativism v v
ANS: A vv DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical v v vv vv
Perspective
vv
OBJ: v v 1.1 MSC: Analyzing
6. René Descartes posited that the mind was separate from the body. However, he implicated a
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
single brain structure, the pineal gland, as having what function?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. regulating feelings and emotions c. moderating cognitive processes
vv vv vv vv vv
b. connecting the mind and the body d. adjusting behavior vv vv vv vv vv v v vv
ANS: B v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
7. Considering the perspective recommended for approaching cognitive neuroscience, which of
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
the following would best explain how a cognitive function may have developed?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. learning and reward c. neurological dysfunction
vv vv vv
b. integration with technology d. hunting and gathering vv vv v v vv vv
ANS: D vv DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical Perspective vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.1 v v MSC: Analyzing v v
8. A central issue of modern cognitive neuroscience is whether specific human cognitive abilities
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. arise from networks of brain areas working together.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. are determined by the shape and size of the human skull or the brain beneath.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. are best studied using the scientific method.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. can be best identified using the Golgi silver method of staining or fMRI.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: A v v DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Understanding v v
9. The discipline of phrenology was founded by
vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. Broca and Wernicke. vv vv c. Ramón y Cajal and Sherrington. vv vv vv vv
b. Fritsch and Hitzig. vv vv d. Gall and Spurzheim.
v v vv vv
ANS: D v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
10. Phrenologists believed that the contour of the skull could provide valuable information about an
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
individual’s cognitive capacities and personality traits. This approach was based on the assumption that
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. skull protrusions are caused by disproportionate development of the brain areas
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. certain traits such as aggressiveness lead to life experiences and injuries that alter
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
the shape of the skull in specific ways.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. life experiences and injuries that alter the shape of the skull in specific ways lead to
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
certain traits, such as aggressiveness.
vv vv vv vv vv
d. the development of the skull bones directly influences the configuration of the soft
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
brain areas beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: A v v DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Evaluating v v
11. Localizationist is to vv vv as holistic is to
vv vv vv .
a. Wernicke; Gall vv c. Flourens; Broca vv
, b. Gall; Flourens vv d. v v Broca; Wernicke vv
ANS: B v v DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Understanding v v
12. Gall’s method for investigating phrenology was flawed because
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. he used the wrong language to explain the characteristics he observed.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. he did not tell Napoleon Bonaparte that he possessed noble characteristics.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. he sought only to confirm, not disprove, the correlations he observed.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. he used his own skull as the base model.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: C v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
13. The view known as aggregate field theory, which stated that the whole brain participates in
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
behavior, is most associated with
vv vv vv vv vv
a. Broca. c. Brodmann.
b. Hughlings Jackson. d. Flourens. vv v v
ANS: D v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Remembering v v
14. The key observation leading John Hughlings Jackson to propose a topographical organization in
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
the cerebral cortex was that
vv vv vv vv vv
a. speech disturbances could be identified by left-hemisphere lesions.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
b. the two hemispheres of the brain served different functions.
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. seizures begin in a localized region of the cortex. vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
d. focal brain damage causes specific behavioral deficits.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: C v v DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Analyzing v v
15. In developing phrenology, Gall’s main failure was that
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. he did not seek disconfirming evidence.
vv vv vv vv vv
b. he was not a scientist.
vv vv vv vv
c. his method was correlational.
vv vv vv
d. All of the answer options are correct.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: D v v DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Analyzing v v
16. Giovanni visits his local phrenologist. What is this person likely to tell him?
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. You are a domineering person.
vv vv vv vv
b. Your father was a very domineering person.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
c. Your brother is a domineering person.
vv vv vv vv vv
d. Your mother was a very domineering person.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
ANS: A v v DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
OBJ: 1.2
vv v v MSC: Applying v v
17. The view developed by Marie Jean Pierre Flourens, based on the idea that processes like language
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
and memory cannot be localized within circumscribed brain regions, was known as
vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv vv
a. the neuron doctrine. vv c. rationalism. vv
b. aggregate field theory. d. the law of effect.
vv vv vv vv vv vv
vv ANS: B v v DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain Story vv vv vv vv
