Mastering HW - Exam 1 Review 2025
With 100% Correct Answers
Which tree does the best job of highlighting some of the ancestors of humans? - correct answers ✔✔C -
Tree with dots on it
Which of these trees show the same evolutionary relationships? - correct answers ✔✔A,B,D - All but the
one with names pointing to the top
Which of these trees show the same evolutionary relationships? Select all that apply. - correct answers
✔✔A,D
In all of these phylogenetic trees, the gain or loss of a trait is represented by a red trait mark. These
marks are a way of showing change---that is, evolution. Which tree does the best job of showing which
branches are evolving? - correct answers ✔✔C - Lines through each branch
Interpret the phylogenetic tree. - correct answers ✔✔The single branch for bacterium could be
expanded to show the relationships of many species of bacteria.
True
This tree shows that a bacterium is the lowest form of life.
False
This tree could be rotated so that the branch for bacterium is on the top rather than the bottom of the
tree.
True
Less evolution occurs in the long branches than occurs in the short branches.
False
This tree shows that bacteria evolve into green algae, which evolve into plants, and so on.
False
The bacteria that are alive today are the common ancestors of all other organisms.
False
,Which phylogenetic tree highlights the most recent common ancestor of all animals with four limbs
(where limbs include legs, arms, and wings)? - correct answers ✔✔C - dot on second connection
Which phylogenetic tree shows that lactation--the production of milk to feed young--is a homologous
trait in humans, dogs, and bats (but not in birds and lizards)? - correct answers ✔✔C - milk on second
branch, superior
Which phylogenetic tree shows that wings occur only in bats and birds but are not homologous? -
correct answers ✔✔Common Sense
Interpret the phylogenetic tree. - correct answers ✔✔Magnolias only have trait C.
False
The common ancestor marked by the dot had all five traits.
False
Trait C occurs only in magnolias.
True
Trait D is homologous in all of the taxa except mosses. True
Trait B is homologous in pines, cedars, and cacao.
False
Trait E is homologous in magnolias, roses, and cacao. True
If you wanted to draw a population of butterflies to show variation in the relative sizes of their forewings
and hindwings, which style of drawing would be the most efficient to use? - correct answers ✔✔B -
Simple cartoon
Birds vary in many traits. Select a set of three cartoons that focus just on variability in leg length.
Select three. - correct answers ✔✔A,B,D
Evaluate this model of Darwin's postulates. - correct answers ✔✔The model is comparing two species of
flower: a species with short petals and a species with long petals. False
, The flowers grew longer petals because they needed to attract bees.
False
The top row of flowers indicates that there were only four flowers in the original population.
False
The X drawn over the flower shows that it did not survive.
True
The leaves, stems, and roots of the flowering plants were not included in the model for simplicity.
True
Flowers with short petals only mate with other flowers with short petals.
False
Which drawing of a population of bacteria does the best job of illustrating Darwin's second postulate,
that some variation among individuals is heritable? (The color red represents the ability of the bacteria
to digest the sugar lactose.) - correct answers ✔✔A - all same color
Evaluate Chris's model of Darwin's postulates. - correct answers ✔✔The model shows that in this
population, grass plants vary in the height of their shoots.
True
The model suggests that in this population, at least some of the variation in shoot height is heritable.
True
The drawings must be life-like for the model to be helpful.
False
This model shows that the shorter and taller grass plants have the same reproductive success.
False
Grass plants have roots, but roots are not the focus of this model, so it is fine that Chris left them out.
True
Scientific evidence documents the pattern of evolution. The evidence exists in a variety of categories,
including direct observation of evolutionary change, the fossil record, homology, and biogeography. Sort
the following examples into the correct categories. - correct answers ✔✔direct observation of
evolutionary change:
With 100% Correct Answers
Which tree does the best job of highlighting some of the ancestors of humans? - correct answers ✔✔C -
Tree with dots on it
Which of these trees show the same evolutionary relationships? - correct answers ✔✔A,B,D - All but the
one with names pointing to the top
Which of these trees show the same evolutionary relationships? Select all that apply. - correct answers
✔✔A,D
In all of these phylogenetic trees, the gain or loss of a trait is represented by a red trait mark. These
marks are a way of showing change---that is, evolution. Which tree does the best job of showing which
branches are evolving? - correct answers ✔✔C - Lines through each branch
Interpret the phylogenetic tree. - correct answers ✔✔The single branch for bacterium could be
expanded to show the relationships of many species of bacteria.
True
This tree shows that a bacterium is the lowest form of life.
False
This tree could be rotated so that the branch for bacterium is on the top rather than the bottom of the
tree.
True
Less evolution occurs in the long branches than occurs in the short branches.
False
This tree shows that bacteria evolve into green algae, which evolve into plants, and so on.
False
The bacteria that are alive today are the common ancestors of all other organisms.
False
,Which phylogenetic tree highlights the most recent common ancestor of all animals with four limbs
(where limbs include legs, arms, and wings)? - correct answers ✔✔C - dot on second connection
Which phylogenetic tree shows that lactation--the production of milk to feed young--is a homologous
trait in humans, dogs, and bats (but not in birds and lizards)? - correct answers ✔✔C - milk on second
branch, superior
Which phylogenetic tree shows that wings occur only in bats and birds but are not homologous? -
correct answers ✔✔Common Sense
Interpret the phylogenetic tree. - correct answers ✔✔Magnolias only have trait C.
False
The common ancestor marked by the dot had all five traits.
False
Trait C occurs only in magnolias.
True
Trait D is homologous in all of the taxa except mosses. True
Trait B is homologous in pines, cedars, and cacao.
False
Trait E is homologous in magnolias, roses, and cacao. True
If you wanted to draw a population of butterflies to show variation in the relative sizes of their forewings
and hindwings, which style of drawing would be the most efficient to use? - correct answers ✔✔B -
Simple cartoon
Birds vary in many traits. Select a set of three cartoons that focus just on variability in leg length.
Select three. - correct answers ✔✔A,B,D
Evaluate this model of Darwin's postulates. - correct answers ✔✔The model is comparing two species of
flower: a species with short petals and a species with long petals. False
, The flowers grew longer petals because they needed to attract bees.
False
The top row of flowers indicates that there were only four flowers in the original population.
False
The X drawn over the flower shows that it did not survive.
True
The leaves, stems, and roots of the flowering plants were not included in the model for simplicity.
True
Flowers with short petals only mate with other flowers with short petals.
False
Which drawing of a population of bacteria does the best job of illustrating Darwin's second postulate,
that some variation among individuals is heritable? (The color red represents the ability of the bacteria
to digest the sugar lactose.) - correct answers ✔✔A - all same color
Evaluate Chris's model of Darwin's postulates. - correct answers ✔✔The model shows that in this
population, grass plants vary in the height of their shoots.
True
The model suggests that in this population, at least some of the variation in shoot height is heritable.
True
The drawings must be life-like for the model to be helpful.
False
This model shows that the shorter and taller grass plants have the same reproductive success.
False
Grass plants have roots, but roots are not the focus of this model, so it is fine that Chris left them out.
True
Scientific evidence documents the pattern of evolution. The evidence exists in a variety of categories,
including direct observation of evolutionary change, the fossil record, homology, and biogeography. Sort
the following examples into the correct categories. - correct answers ✔✔direct observation of
evolutionary change:
